Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i>
Dengue, West Nile, Zika, Yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses persist as significant global health threats. The development of new therapeutic strategies based on inhibiting essential viral enzymes or viral–host protein interactions is problematic due to the fast mutation rate and rapid e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/6 |
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| author | Hovakim Grabski Siranuysh Grabska Ruben Abagyan |
| author_facet | Hovakim Grabski Siranuysh Grabska Ruben Abagyan |
| author_sort | Hovakim Grabski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dengue, West Nile, Zika, Yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses persist as significant global health threats. The development of new therapeutic strategies based on inhibiting essential viral enzymes or viral–host protein interactions is problematic due to the fast mutation rate and rapid emergence of drug resistance. This study focuses on the NS2B-NS3 protease as a promising target for antiviral drug development. Promising allosteric binding sites were identified in two conformationally distinct inactive states and characterized for five flaviviruses and four Dengue virus subtypes. Their shapes, druggability, inter-viral similarity, sequence variation, and susceptibility to drug-resistant mutations have been studied. Two identified allosteric inactive state pockets appear to be feasible alternatives to a larger closed pocket near the active site, and they can be targeted with specific drug-like small-molecule inhibitors. Virus-specific sequence and structure implications and the feasibility of multi-viral inhibitors are discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc3fa0fa34134556ac21ad98ce62e998 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc3fa0fa34134556ac21ad98ce62e9982025-01-24T13:52:13ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-12-01171610.3390/v17010006Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i>Hovakim Grabski0Siranuysh Grabska1Ruben Abagyan2Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0657, USASkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0657, USASkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0657, USADengue, West Nile, Zika, Yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses persist as significant global health threats. The development of new therapeutic strategies based on inhibiting essential viral enzymes or viral–host protein interactions is problematic due to the fast mutation rate and rapid emergence of drug resistance. This study focuses on the NS2B-NS3 protease as a promising target for antiviral drug development. Promising allosteric binding sites were identified in two conformationally distinct inactive states and characterized for five flaviviruses and four Dengue virus subtypes. Their shapes, druggability, inter-viral similarity, sequence variation, and susceptibility to drug-resistant mutations have been studied. Two identified allosteric inactive state pockets appear to be feasible alternatives to a larger closed pocket near the active site, and they can be targeted with specific drug-like small-molecule inhibitors. Virus-specific sequence and structure implications and the feasibility of multi-viral inhibitors are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/6Zika virusprotease inhibitorsmutation ratesallosteric druggable pocketsDengueYellow Fever |
| spellingShingle | Hovakim Grabski Siranuysh Grabska Ruben Abagyan Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i> Viruses Zika virus protease inhibitors mutation rates allosteric druggable pockets Dengue Yellow Fever |
| title | Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i> |
| title_full | Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i> |
| title_fullStr | Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i> |
| title_short | Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i> |
| title_sort | identifying allosteric small molecule binding sites of inactive ns2b ns3 proteases of pathogenic i flaviviridae i |
| topic | Zika virus protease inhibitors mutation rates allosteric druggable pockets Dengue Yellow Fever |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/6 |
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