Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi Population
Background: Vaccination has played a crucial role in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and reducing its severe outcomes. While over 90% of Bangladesh’s population has received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, the comparative effectiveness of homologous versus heterologous booster strategies, alon...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/67 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832587392640352256 |
|---|---|
| author | Kazi Istiaque Sanin Mansura Khanam Azizur Rahman Sharaque Mahbub Elahi Bharati Rani Roy Md. Khaledul Hasan Goutam Kumar Dutta Abir Dutta Md. Nazmul Islam Md. Safiqul Islam Md. Nasir Ahmed Khan Mustufa Mahmud Nuzhat Nadia Fablina Noushin Anjan Kumar Roy Protim Sarker Fahmida Tofail |
| author_facet | Kazi Istiaque Sanin Mansura Khanam Azizur Rahman Sharaque Mahbub Elahi Bharati Rani Roy Md. Khaledul Hasan Goutam Kumar Dutta Abir Dutta Md. Nazmul Islam Md. Safiqul Islam Md. Nasir Ahmed Khan Mustufa Mahmud Nuzhat Nadia Fablina Noushin Anjan Kumar Roy Protim Sarker Fahmida Tofail |
| author_sort | Kazi Istiaque Sanin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Vaccination has played a crucial role in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and reducing its severe outcomes. While over 90% of Bangladesh’s population has received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, the comparative effectiveness of homologous versus heterologous booster strategies, along with the complex interplay of factors within the population, remains understudied. This study aimed to compare antibody responses between these booster approaches. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 723 adults in urban Dhaka who had received COVID-19 booster doses within the last six months. Participants were grouped based on homologous or heterologous booster vaccination. Data were collected through structured household surveys, and 2 mL blood samples were collected for measuring antibody titers. Results: Heterologous booster recipients showed higher median antibody titers (8597.0 U/mL, IQR 5053.0–15,482.3) compared to homologous recipients (6958.0 U/mL, IQR 3974.0–12,728.5). In the adjusted analysis, the type of booster dose had no significant impact on antibody levels. However, the duration since the last booster dose was significantly associated with antibody levels, where each additional month since receiving the booster corresponded to approximately a 15–16% reduction in antibody levels (Adj. coeff: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.88; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants over 40 years demonstrated higher antibody levels than younger individuals (Adj. coeff: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.43; <i>p</i> = 0.005). Sex, BMI, and prior COVID-19 infection showed no significant associations with antibody levels after adjustment. Conclusion: The results underscore the complexity of immune responses across different demographic groups and suggest potential benefits of ongoing heterologous booster strategies in sustaining immunity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d9ae74a24e3f4bb398284695ca8627fa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-d9ae74a24e3f4bb398284695ca8627fa2025-01-24T13:51:50ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-01-011316710.3390/vaccines13010067Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi PopulationKazi Istiaque Sanin0Mansura Khanam1Azizur Rahman Sharaque2Mahbub Elahi3Bharati Rani Roy4Md. Khaledul Hasan5Goutam Kumar Dutta6Abir Dutta7Md. Nazmul Islam8Md. Safiqul Islam9Md. Nasir Ahmed Khan10Mustufa Mahmud11Nuzhat Nadia12Fablina Noushin13Anjan Kumar Roy14Protim Sarker15Fahmida Tofail16International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshCommunicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshCommunicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshCommunicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshCommunicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshCommunicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshCommunicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshBackground: Vaccination has played a crucial role in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and reducing its severe outcomes. While over 90% of Bangladesh’s population has received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, the comparative effectiveness of homologous versus heterologous booster strategies, along with the complex interplay of factors within the population, remains understudied. This study aimed to compare antibody responses between these booster approaches. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 723 adults in urban Dhaka who had received COVID-19 booster doses within the last six months. Participants were grouped based on homologous or heterologous booster vaccination. Data were collected through structured household surveys, and 2 mL blood samples were collected for measuring antibody titers. Results: Heterologous booster recipients showed higher median antibody titers (8597.0 U/mL, IQR 5053.0–15,482.3) compared to homologous recipients (6958.0 U/mL, IQR 3974.0–12,728.5). In the adjusted analysis, the type of booster dose had no significant impact on antibody levels. However, the duration since the last booster dose was significantly associated with antibody levels, where each additional month since receiving the booster corresponded to approximately a 15–16% reduction in antibody levels (Adj. coeff: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.88; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants over 40 years demonstrated higher antibody levels than younger individuals (Adj. coeff: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.43; <i>p</i> = 0.005). Sex, BMI, and prior COVID-19 infection showed no significant associations with antibody levels after adjustment. Conclusion: The results underscore the complexity of immune responses across different demographic groups and suggest potential benefits of ongoing heterologous booster strategies in sustaining immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/67COVID-19homologous and heterologous vaccinationCOVID-19 booster vaccinationsBangladesh |
| spellingShingle | Kazi Istiaque Sanin Mansura Khanam Azizur Rahman Sharaque Mahbub Elahi Bharati Rani Roy Md. Khaledul Hasan Goutam Kumar Dutta Abir Dutta Md. Nazmul Islam Md. Safiqul Islam Md. Nasir Ahmed Khan Mustufa Mahmud Nuzhat Nadia Fablina Noushin Anjan Kumar Roy Protim Sarker Fahmida Tofail Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi Population Vaccines COVID-19 homologous and heterologous vaccination COVID-19 booster vaccinations Bangladesh |
| title | Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi Population |
| title_full | Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi Population |
| title_fullStr | Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi Population |
| title_short | Comparing Antibody Responses to Homologous vs. Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in an Urban Bangladeshi Population |
| title_sort | comparing antibody responses to homologous vs heterologous covid 19 vaccination a cross sectional analysis in an urban bangladeshi population |
| topic | COVID-19 homologous and heterologous vaccination COVID-19 booster vaccinations Bangladesh |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/67 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kaziistiaquesanin comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT mansurakhanam comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT azizurrahmansharaque comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT mahbubelahi comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT bharatiraniroy comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT mdkhaledulhasan comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT goutamkumardutta comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT abirdutta comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT mdnazmulislam comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT mdsafiqulislam comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT mdnasirahmedkhan comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT mustufamahmud comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT nuzhatnadia comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT fablinanoushin comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT anjankumarroy comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT protimsarker comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation AT fahmidatofail comparingantibodyresponsestohomologousvsheterologouscovid19vaccinationacrosssectionalanalysisinanurbanbangladeshipopulation |