An Adaptive Weight Collaborative Driving Strategy Based on Stackelberg Game Theory

In response to the problem of cooperative steering control between drivers and intelligent driving systems, a master–slave Game-Based human–machine cooperative steering control framework with adaptive weight fuzzy decision-making is constructed. Firstly, within this framework, a dynamic weight appro...

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Main Authors: Zhongjin Zhou, Jingbo Zhao, Jianfeng Zheng, Haimei Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/7/386
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author Zhongjin Zhou
Jingbo Zhao
Jianfeng Zheng
Haimei Liu
author_facet Zhongjin Zhou
Jingbo Zhao
Jianfeng Zheng
Haimei Liu
author_sort Zhongjin Zhou
collection DOAJ
description In response to the problem of cooperative steering control between drivers and intelligent driving systems, a master–slave Game-Based human–machine cooperative steering control framework with adaptive weight fuzzy decision-making is constructed. Firstly, within this framework, a dynamic weight approach is established. This approach takes into account the driver’s state, traffic environment risks, and the vehicle’s global control deviation to adjust the driving weights between humans and machines. Secondly, the human–machine cooperative relationship with unconscious competition is characterized as a master–slave game interaction. The cooperative steering control under the master–slave game scenario is then transformed into an optimization problem of model predictive control. Through theoretical derivation, the optimal control strategies for both parties at equilibrium in the human–machine master–slave game are obtained. Coordination of the manipulation actions of the driver and the intelligent driving system is achieved by balancing the master–slave game. Finally, different types of drivers are simulated by varying the parameters of the driver models. The effectiveness of the proposed driving weight allocation scheme was validated on the constructed simulation test platform. The results indicate that the human–machine collaborative control strategy can effectively mitigate conflicts between humans and machines. By giving due consideration to the driver’s operational intentions, this strategy reduces the driver’s workload. Under high-risk scenarios, while ensuring driving safety and providing the driver with a satisfactory experience, this strategy significantly enhances the stability of vehicle motion.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series World Electric Vehicle Journal
spelling doaj-art-d945d6be395c443ea80c984dc46e563c2025-08-20T03:32:28ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-07-0116738610.3390/wevj16070386An Adaptive Weight Collaborative Driving Strategy Based on Stackelberg Game TheoryZhongjin Zhou0Jingbo Zhao1Jianfeng Zheng2Haimei Liu3School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaSchool of Intelligent Manufacturing and Control Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, ChinaIn response to the problem of cooperative steering control between drivers and intelligent driving systems, a master–slave Game-Based human–machine cooperative steering control framework with adaptive weight fuzzy decision-making is constructed. Firstly, within this framework, a dynamic weight approach is established. This approach takes into account the driver’s state, traffic environment risks, and the vehicle’s global control deviation to adjust the driving weights between humans and machines. Secondly, the human–machine cooperative relationship with unconscious competition is characterized as a master–slave game interaction. The cooperative steering control under the master–slave game scenario is then transformed into an optimization problem of model predictive control. Through theoretical derivation, the optimal control strategies for both parties at equilibrium in the human–machine master–slave game are obtained. Coordination of the manipulation actions of the driver and the intelligent driving system is achieved by balancing the master–slave game. Finally, different types of drivers are simulated by varying the parameters of the driver models. The effectiveness of the proposed driving weight allocation scheme was validated on the constructed simulation test platform. The results indicate that the human–machine collaborative control strategy can effectively mitigate conflicts between humans and machines. By giving due consideration to the driver’s operational intentions, this strategy reduces the driver’s workload. Under high-risk scenarios, while ensuring driving safety and providing the driver with a satisfactory experience, this strategy significantly enhances the stability of vehicle motion.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/7/386human–machine collaborative drivingmodel predictive controlgame theorydriving weight
spellingShingle Zhongjin Zhou
Jingbo Zhao
Jianfeng Zheng
Haimei Liu
An Adaptive Weight Collaborative Driving Strategy Based on Stackelberg Game Theory
World Electric Vehicle Journal
human–machine collaborative driving
model predictive control
game theory
driving weight
title An Adaptive Weight Collaborative Driving Strategy Based on Stackelberg Game Theory
title_full An Adaptive Weight Collaborative Driving Strategy Based on Stackelberg Game Theory
title_fullStr An Adaptive Weight Collaborative Driving Strategy Based on Stackelberg Game Theory
title_full_unstemmed An Adaptive Weight Collaborative Driving Strategy Based on Stackelberg Game Theory
title_short An Adaptive Weight Collaborative Driving Strategy Based on Stackelberg Game Theory
title_sort adaptive weight collaborative driving strategy based on stackelberg game theory
topic human–machine collaborative driving
model predictive control
game theory
driving weight
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/7/386
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