Immune checkpoint inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta analysis of clinical outcomes

BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies, with poor outcomes despite therapeutic advancements. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer care, but their efficacy in PDAC is limited due to the tumor’s immunosuppressive microen...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aisha Al-Khinji, Noora Al-Korbi, Sheikha Al-Kuwari, Abdullatif Al-Hor, Dhafer Malouche
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1569884/full
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