A benchmark dataset and methodology for fine grained vehicle make and model classification

Urban transportation management increasingly relies on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), where Vehicle Make and Model Recognition (VMMR) plays a vital role in surveillance, traffic monitoring, and infrastructure planning. However, traffic conditions in developing nations such as Pakistan pre...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sobia Hayee, Fawad Hussain, Muhammad Haroon Yousaf, Muhammad Yasir, Shahzor Ahmad, Serestina Viriri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Computer Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1561899/full
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