The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage Polarization
Macrophages are a type of immune cells with high levels of plasticity and heterogeneity. They can polarize into M1 or M2 functional phenotypes. These two phenotypes exhibit a dynamic balance during polarization-related diseases and play opposing roles. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9991916 |
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| author | Xiaomin Liao Xianxian Ruan Xiubing Chen Biaolin Zheng Xianbin Wu Zhejun Deng Zhe Yang Feng Wang Shanyu Qin Haixing Jiang |
| author_facet | Xiaomin Liao Xianxian Ruan Xiubing Chen Biaolin Zheng Xianbin Wu Zhejun Deng Zhe Yang Feng Wang Shanyu Qin Haixing Jiang |
| author_sort | Xiaomin Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrophages are a type of immune cells with high levels of plasticity and heterogeneity. They can polarize into M1 or M2 functional phenotypes. These two phenotypes exhibit a dynamic balance during polarization-related diseases and play opposing roles. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, death, and differentiation; however, how long noncoding RNAs affect the cellular functionality of macrophages remains to be studied. Long noncoding RNA Gm9866 was found to be closely related to macrophage polarization through bioinformatics analysis. In this study, by conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was observed that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 expression significantly increased after treatment with interleukin-4 but significantly decreased after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 was expressed mainly in the nucleus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that overexpression of long noncoding RNA Gm9866 in RAW264.7 cells further promoted the expression of M2 markers MRC1 (macrophage mannose receptor 1) and MRC2 (macrophage mannose receptor 2). Western blotting analysis demonstrated inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression. EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) and TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) staining assays revealed that overexpression of long noncoding RNA Gm9866 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. These findings thus indicated that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 promoted macrophage polarization and inhibited the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Thus, long noncoding RNA Gm9866 may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for polarization-related diseases such as infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, liver fibrosis, and tumors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d7b137b2d9114e43836c12988096959f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-d7b137b2d9114e43836c12988096959f2025-02-03T01:29:53ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation1466-18612023-01-01202310.1155/2023/9991916The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage PolarizationXiaomin Liao0Xianxian Ruan1Xiubing Chen2Biaolin Zheng3Xianbin Wu4Zhejun Deng5Zhe Yang6Feng Wang7Shanyu Qin8Haixing Jiang9Department of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyMacrophages are a type of immune cells with high levels of plasticity and heterogeneity. They can polarize into M1 or M2 functional phenotypes. These two phenotypes exhibit a dynamic balance during polarization-related diseases and play opposing roles. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, death, and differentiation; however, how long noncoding RNAs affect the cellular functionality of macrophages remains to be studied. Long noncoding RNA Gm9866 was found to be closely related to macrophage polarization through bioinformatics analysis. In this study, by conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was observed that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 expression significantly increased after treatment with interleukin-4 but significantly decreased after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 was expressed mainly in the nucleus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that overexpression of long noncoding RNA Gm9866 in RAW264.7 cells further promoted the expression of M2 markers MRC1 (macrophage mannose receptor 1) and MRC2 (macrophage mannose receptor 2). Western blotting analysis demonstrated inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression. EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) and TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) staining assays revealed that overexpression of long noncoding RNA Gm9866 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. These findings thus indicated that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 promoted macrophage polarization and inhibited the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Thus, long noncoding RNA Gm9866 may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for polarization-related diseases such as infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, liver fibrosis, and tumors.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9991916 |
| spellingShingle | Xiaomin Liao Xianxian Ruan Xiubing Chen Biaolin Zheng Xianbin Wu Zhejun Deng Zhe Yang Feng Wang Shanyu Qin Haixing Jiang The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage Polarization Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage Polarization |
| title_full | The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage Polarization |
| title_fullStr | The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage Polarization |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage Polarization |
| title_short | The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage Polarization |
| title_sort | long noncoding rna gm9866 nuclear factor κb axis promotes macrophage polarization |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9991916 |
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