Phytochemical Characterization Utilizing HS-SPME/GC-MS: Exploration of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Essential Oil from Saudi <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and biological activities of <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L. essential oil, focusing on its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition (α-amylase and urease) properties. Additionally, in vitro pharmacoki...

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Main Authors: Hanan Y. Aati, Hala A. Attia, Arwa S. Alanazi, Luluh K. AL tamran, Juergen K. Wanner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/11/1460
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author Hanan Y. Aati
Hala A. Attia
Arwa S. Alanazi
Luluh K. AL tamran
Juergen K. Wanner
author_facet Hanan Y. Aati
Hala A. Attia
Arwa S. Alanazi
Luluh K. AL tamran
Juergen K. Wanner
author_sort Hanan Y. Aati
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and biological activities of <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L. essential oil, focusing on its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition (α-amylase and urease) properties. Additionally, in vitro pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations were conducted through in silico molecular docking and BOILED-Egg models to assess its therapeutic potential and its potency in treating oxidative-stress-related diseases. <b>Methods:</b> The essential oil was isolated by the hydrodistillation (HD) of fresh plant material, and volatiles released from dried plant material were sampled via headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), followed by a phytochemical profiling analysis through the GC-MS tool. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and nitric oxide scavenging assays, while enzyme inhibition activities were tested against α-amylase and urease. Molecular docking and BOILED-Egg models were used to evaluate compound interactions with NADPH oxidase and predict pharmacokinetic behavior, respectively. <b>Results:</b> HS-SPME and HD yielded 46 and 25 compounds, respectively, primarily terpenoids represented by camphor (26.4%) and cis-davanone (18.0%) in HS-SPME, while in the HD essential oil, cis-davanone (60.2%) and chamazulene (10.8%) were most prevalent. The antioxidant assays showed a strong activity, with a total antioxidant capacity of 821.8 mg ascorbic acid Eq/gm. The essential oil inhibited urease by 86.7% and α-amylase by 81.8%. Molecular docking showed strong binding affinities with NADPH oxidase, supporting the antioxidant results. <b>Conclusions:</b><i>A. absinthium</i> EO demonstrated potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, suggesting its therapeutic potential for treating enzyme-related disorders like diabetes mellitus and its possible use as a cure for many oxidative-stress-related diseases, thus validating the folkloric use of this plant.
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spelling doaj-art-d6f8b8e82f514f1f970fb8ee77cb632b2025-08-20T02:48:07ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472024-10-011711146010.3390/ph17111460Phytochemical Characterization Utilizing HS-SPME/GC-MS: Exploration of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Essential Oil from Saudi <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.Hanan Y. Aati0Hala A. Attia1Arwa S. Alanazi2Luluh K. AL tamran3Juergen K. Wanner4Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaKurt Kitzing Co., Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, Germany<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and biological activities of <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L. essential oil, focusing on its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition (α-amylase and urease) properties. Additionally, in vitro pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations were conducted through in silico molecular docking and BOILED-Egg models to assess its therapeutic potential and its potency in treating oxidative-stress-related diseases. <b>Methods:</b> The essential oil was isolated by the hydrodistillation (HD) of fresh plant material, and volatiles released from dried plant material were sampled via headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), followed by a phytochemical profiling analysis through the GC-MS tool. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and nitric oxide scavenging assays, while enzyme inhibition activities were tested against α-amylase and urease. Molecular docking and BOILED-Egg models were used to evaluate compound interactions with NADPH oxidase and predict pharmacokinetic behavior, respectively. <b>Results:</b> HS-SPME and HD yielded 46 and 25 compounds, respectively, primarily terpenoids represented by camphor (26.4%) and cis-davanone (18.0%) in HS-SPME, while in the HD essential oil, cis-davanone (60.2%) and chamazulene (10.8%) were most prevalent. The antioxidant assays showed a strong activity, with a total antioxidant capacity of 821.8 mg ascorbic acid Eq/gm. The essential oil inhibited urease by 86.7% and α-amylase by 81.8%. Molecular docking showed strong binding affinities with NADPH oxidase, supporting the antioxidant results. <b>Conclusions:</b><i>A. absinthium</i> EO demonstrated potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, suggesting its therapeutic potential for treating enzyme-related disorders like diabetes mellitus and its possible use as a cure for many oxidative-stress-related diseases, thus validating the folkloric use of this plant.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/11/1460essential oilHS-SPMEHDenzyme inhibitionsNADPH oxidaseGC-MS
spellingShingle Hanan Y. Aati
Hala A. Attia
Arwa S. Alanazi
Luluh K. AL tamran
Juergen K. Wanner
Phytochemical Characterization Utilizing HS-SPME/GC-MS: Exploration of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Essential Oil from Saudi <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.
Pharmaceuticals
essential oil
HS-SPME
HD
enzyme inhibitions
NADPH oxidase
GC-MS
title Phytochemical Characterization Utilizing HS-SPME/GC-MS: Exploration of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Essential Oil from Saudi <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.
title_full Phytochemical Characterization Utilizing HS-SPME/GC-MS: Exploration of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Essential Oil from Saudi <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.
title_fullStr Phytochemical Characterization Utilizing HS-SPME/GC-MS: Exploration of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Essential Oil from Saudi <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.
title_full_unstemmed Phytochemical Characterization Utilizing HS-SPME/GC-MS: Exploration of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Essential Oil from Saudi <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.
title_short Phytochemical Characterization Utilizing HS-SPME/GC-MS: Exploration of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Essential Oil from Saudi <i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.
title_sort phytochemical characterization utilizing hs spme gc ms exploration of the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties of essential oil from saudi i artemisia absinthium i l
topic essential oil
HS-SPME
HD
enzyme inhibitions
NADPH oxidase
GC-MS
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/11/1460
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