Low Fluoride Regulates Macrophage Polarization Through Mitochondrial Autophagy Mediated by PINK1/Parkin Axis

Low Fluoride Regulates Macrophage Polarization Through Mitochondrial Autophagy Mediated by PINK1/Parkin Axis

Fluoride exposure has been shown to affect immune cell subsets and immune function, but its impact on macrophage polarization remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of low fluoride exposure on macrophage polarization and its underlying mechanisms through epidemiological surveys, animal...

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Main Authors: Fengyu Xie, Jing Zhou, Bingshu Liu, Lijun Zhao, Cunqi Lv, Qiong Zhang, Lin Yuan, Dianjun Sun, Wei Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
low fluoride
macrophage polarization
spleen inflammation
mitophagy
PINK1/Parkin pathway
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/647
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