In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP Nanowires

Abstract Vapor–solid–solid (VSS) growth of III‐V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has long been considered an alternative for the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mode, with the potential to avoid the incorporation of deep‐level impurities into semiconductors and to form compositionally abrupt interface...

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Main Authors: Tianyi Hu, Yuanyuan Cao, Sara M. Franzén, Daniel Jacobsson, Michael S. Seifner, Maria E. Messing, Kimberly A. Dick
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-06-01
Series:Advanced Materials Interfaces
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400805
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author Tianyi Hu
Yuanyuan Cao
Sara M. Franzén
Daniel Jacobsson
Michael S. Seifner
Maria E. Messing
Kimberly A. Dick
author_facet Tianyi Hu
Yuanyuan Cao
Sara M. Franzén
Daniel Jacobsson
Michael S. Seifner
Maria E. Messing
Kimberly A. Dick
author_sort Tianyi Hu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Vapor–solid–solid (VSS) growth of III‐V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has long been considered an alternative for the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mode, with the potential to avoid the incorporation of deep‐level impurities into semiconductors and to form compositionally abrupt interfaces. Most research however indicates that VSS growth has a much lower growth rate than observed in the VLS growth regime, explained by the very slow mass transport at the solid seed particle‐NW interface. In this study, the direct observation of the VSS growth of GaP NWs under different mechanisms is reported, by using Ni as a seed material inside an environmental transmission electron microscope. These results reveal that when NWs are grown from seed particles exhibiting the NiGa and Ni2Ga3 phases, classic VSS growth occurs with slow NW growth and interface diffusion as the dominant mass transport pathway. In contrast, when NWs are grown by seed particles containing Ni2P phase, rapid NW growth is observed together with a continuous reshaping of the seed particle. A cation exchange reaction is proposed as the predominant growth mechanism. This research results demonstrate an entirely new variant of the VSS growth mode, opening up new degrees of freedom for tuning NW properties.
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spelling doaj-art-d38e9d2da35440eab28b3fd61551d1472025-08-20T02:08:36ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Materials Interfaces2196-73502025-06-011211n/an/a10.1002/admi.202400805In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP NanowiresTianyi Hu0Yuanyuan Cao1Sara M. Franzén2Daniel Jacobsson3Michael S. Seifner4Maria E. Messing5Kimberly A. Dick6Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund University Box 124 Lund 22100 SwedenCentre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund University Box 124 Lund 22100 SwedenNanoLund Lund University Box 118 Lund 22100 SwedenCentre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund University Box 124 Lund 22100 SwedenCentre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund University Box 124 Lund 22100 SwedenNanoLund Lund University Box 118 Lund 22100 SwedenCentre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund University Box 124 Lund 22100 SwedenAbstract Vapor–solid–solid (VSS) growth of III‐V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has long been considered an alternative for the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mode, with the potential to avoid the incorporation of deep‐level impurities into semiconductors and to form compositionally abrupt interfaces. Most research however indicates that VSS growth has a much lower growth rate than observed in the VLS growth regime, explained by the very slow mass transport at the solid seed particle‐NW interface. In this study, the direct observation of the VSS growth of GaP NWs under different mechanisms is reported, by using Ni as a seed material inside an environmental transmission electron microscope. These results reveal that when NWs are grown from seed particles exhibiting the NiGa and Ni2Ga3 phases, classic VSS growth occurs with slow NW growth and interface diffusion as the dominant mass transport pathway. In contrast, when NWs are grown by seed particles containing Ni2P phase, rapid NW growth is observed together with a continuous reshaping of the seed particle. A cation exchange reaction is proposed as the predominant growth mechanism. This research results demonstrate an entirely new variant of the VSS growth mode, opening up new degrees of freedom for tuning NW properties.https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400805cation exchange reactionGaP nanowiresin situ TEMNi nanoparticlesphase transformationvapor–solid–solid mechanism
spellingShingle Tianyi Hu
Yuanyuan Cao
Sara M. Franzén
Daniel Jacobsson
Michael S. Seifner
Maria E. Messing
Kimberly A. Dick
In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP Nanowires
Advanced Materials Interfaces
cation exchange reaction
GaP nanowires
in situ TEM
Ni nanoparticles
phase transformation
vapor–solid–solid mechanism
title In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP Nanowires
title_full In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP Nanowires
title_fullStr In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP Nanowires
title_full_unstemmed In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP Nanowires
title_short In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP Nanowires
title_sort in situ manipulation of growth mechanisms in the vapor solid solid growth of gap nanowires
topic cation exchange reaction
GaP nanowires
in situ TEM
Ni nanoparticles
phase transformation
vapor–solid–solid mechanism
url https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400805
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