Killing arthritogenic fibroblast-like synoviocytes: an example using cytotoxic aptamers binding nucleolin

Abstract “Pauci-immune” and “fibroblast-rich” synovial pathotypes are predictors of resistance to multi-drug immunosuppression. For these “difficult-to-treat” (D2T) endotypes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), depletion of arthritogenic fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) has emerged as promising treatmen...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: George D. Kalliolias, Efthimia K. Basdra, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Arthritis Research & Therapy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-025-03618-4
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