Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pathophysiology, Immune Dysregulation, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pathophysiology, Immune Dysregulation, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most common and debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting approximately 15–25% of patients and contributing to over 85% of non-traumatic amputations. DFUs impose a substantial clinical and economic burden due to high recurrence rates, p...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: John Dawi, Kevin Tumanyan, Kirakos Tomas, Yura Misakyan, Areg Gargaloyan, Edgar Gonzalez, Mary Hammi, Serly Tomas, Vishwanath Venketaraman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
advanced glycation end products (AGEs)
receptor for AGEs (RAGE) activation
macrophage polarization (M1/M2 imbalance)
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy
negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1076
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