Within-host dynamics of HTLV-2 and HIV-1 co-infection with delay

This paper formulates a mathematical model for the co-infection of HTLV-2 and HIV-1 with latent reservoirs, four types of distributed-time delays and HIV-1-specific B cells. We establish that the solutions remain bounded and nonnegative, identify the system's steady states, and derive sufficien...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: A. M. Elaiw, E. A. Almohaimeed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of Biological Dynamics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17513758.2025.2506536
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