A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycans

Effective processes for synthesizing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) require: 1) site-specific incorporation of the payload to avoid interference with binding to the target epitope, 2) optimal drug/antibody ratio to achieve sufficient potency while avoiding aggregation or solubility problems, and 3)...

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Main Authors: Maria L. Jaramillo, Traian Sulea, Yves Durocher, Mauro Acchione, Melissa J. Schur, Anna Robotham, John F. Kelly, Marie-France Goneau, Alma Robert, Yuneivy Cepero-Donates, Michel Gilbert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2023-12-01
Series:mAbs
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19420862.2022.2149057
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author Maria L. Jaramillo
Traian Sulea
Yves Durocher
Mauro Acchione
Melissa J. Schur
Anna Robotham
John F. Kelly
Marie-France Goneau
Alma Robert
Yuneivy Cepero-Donates
Michel Gilbert
author_facet Maria L. Jaramillo
Traian Sulea
Yves Durocher
Mauro Acchione
Melissa J. Schur
Anna Robotham
John F. Kelly
Marie-France Goneau
Alma Robert
Yuneivy Cepero-Donates
Michel Gilbert
author_sort Maria L. Jaramillo
collection DOAJ
description Effective processes for synthesizing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) require: 1) site-specific incorporation of the payload to avoid interference with binding to the target epitope, 2) optimal drug/antibody ratio to achieve sufficient potency while avoiding aggregation or solubility problems, and 3) a homogeneous product to facilitate approval by regulatory agencies. In conventional ADCs, the drug molecules are chemically attached randomly to antibody surface residues (typically Lys or Cys), which can interfere with epitope binding and targeting, and lead to overall product heterogeneity, long-term colloidal instability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Here, we present a more controlled process for generating ADCs where drug is specifically conjugated to only Fab N-linked glycans in a narrow ratio range through functionalized sialic acids. Using a bacterial sialytransferase, we incorporated N-azidoacetylneuraminic acid (Neu5NAz) into the Fab glycan of cetuximab. Since only about 20% of human IgG1 have a Fab glycan, we extended the application of this approach by using molecular modeling to introduce N-glycosylation sites in the Fab constant region of other therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. We used trastuzumab as a model for the incorporation of Neu5NAz in the novel Fab glycans that we designed. ADCs were generated by clicking the incorporated Neu5NAz with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) attached to a self-immolative linker terminated with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO). Through this process, we obtained cetuximab-MMAE and trastuzumab-MMAE with drug/antibody ratios in the range of 1.3 to 2.5. We confirmed that these ADCs still bind their targets efficiently and are as potent in cytotoxicity assays as control ADCs obtained by standard conjugation protocols. The site-directed conjugation to Fab glycans has the additional benefit of avoiding potential interference with effector functions that depend on Fc glycan structure.
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spelling doaj-art-d087d6bfdce74a5586de95d8d3bafdd92025-08-20T02:50:17ZengTaylor & Francis GroupmAbs1942-08621942-08702023-12-0115110.1080/19420862.2022.2149057A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycansMaria L. Jaramillo0Traian Sulea1Yves Durocher2Mauro Acchione3Melissa J. Schur4Anna Robotham5John F. Kelly6Marie-France Goneau7Alma Robert8Yuneivy Cepero-Donates9Michel Gilbert10Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, H4P 2R2, Montreal, Qc, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, H4P 2R2, Montreal, Qc, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, H4P 2R2, Montreal, Qc, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, H4P 2R2, Montreal, Qc, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, ON, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, ON, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, ON, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, ON, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, H4P 2R2, Montreal, Qc, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, H4P 2R2, Montreal, Qc, CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, ON, CanadaEffective processes for synthesizing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) require: 1) site-specific incorporation of the payload to avoid interference with binding to the target epitope, 2) optimal drug/antibody ratio to achieve sufficient potency while avoiding aggregation or solubility problems, and 3) a homogeneous product to facilitate approval by regulatory agencies. In conventional ADCs, the drug molecules are chemically attached randomly to antibody surface residues (typically Lys or Cys), which can interfere with epitope binding and targeting, and lead to overall product heterogeneity, long-term colloidal instability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Here, we present a more controlled process for generating ADCs where drug is specifically conjugated to only Fab N-linked glycans in a narrow ratio range through functionalized sialic acids. Using a bacterial sialytransferase, we incorporated N-azidoacetylneuraminic acid (Neu5NAz) into the Fab glycan of cetuximab. Since only about 20% of human IgG1 have a Fab glycan, we extended the application of this approach by using molecular modeling to introduce N-glycosylation sites in the Fab constant region of other therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. We used trastuzumab as a model for the incorporation of Neu5NAz in the novel Fab glycans that we designed. ADCs were generated by clicking the incorporated Neu5NAz with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) attached to a self-immolative linker terminated with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO). Through this process, we obtained cetuximab-MMAE and trastuzumab-MMAE with drug/antibody ratios in the range of 1.3 to 2.5. We confirmed that these ADCs still bind their targets efficiently and are as potent in cytotoxicity assays as control ADCs obtained by standard conjugation protocols. The site-directed conjugation to Fab glycans has the additional benefit of avoiding potential interference with effector functions that depend on Fc glycan structure.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19420862.2022.2149057Actinobacillusantibodycetuximabdrug conjugateFab glycansialyltransferase
spellingShingle Maria L. Jaramillo
Traian Sulea
Yves Durocher
Mauro Acchione
Melissa J. Schur
Anna Robotham
John F. Kelly
Marie-France Goneau
Alma Robert
Yuneivy Cepero-Donates
Michel Gilbert
A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycans
mAbs
Actinobacillus
antibody
cetuximab
drug conjugate
Fab glycan
sialyltransferase
title A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycans
title_full A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycans
title_fullStr A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycans
title_full_unstemmed A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycans
title_short A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycans
title_sort glyco engineering approach for site specific conjugation to fab glycans
topic Actinobacillus
antibody
cetuximab
drug conjugate
Fab glycan
sialyltransferase
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19420862.2022.2149057
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