Electrothermal co-optimization of 2.5D power distribution network with TTSV cooling

Abstract Thermal and power integrity management remains a fundamental challenge in 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) integrated microsystem design. This paper proposes an electrothermal co-optimization design methodology for a 2.5D power distribution network with thermal through silicon via (TTSV) cooling. A h...

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Main Authors: Yang Wang, Changle Zhi, Gang Dong, Daihang Liu, Deguang Yang, Zhangming Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09914-y
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author Yang Wang
Changle Zhi
Gang Dong
Daihang Liu
Deguang Yang
Zhangming Zhu
author_facet Yang Wang
Changle Zhi
Gang Dong
Daihang Liu
Deguang Yang
Zhangming Zhu
author_sort Yang Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Thermal and power integrity management remains a fundamental challenge in 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) integrated microsystem design. This paper proposes an electrothermal co-optimization design methodology for a 2.5D power distribution network with thermal through silicon via (TTSV) cooling. A hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm is presented to optimize the multi-objective function in terms of both the electrothermal properties and manufacturing cost. The proposed approach achieves an optimal solution (minimum fitness value = 310.3) for TTSV scaling and chiplet placement, albeit with increased computational complexity. Compared to the finite element simulation results, the average absolute errors of the impedance and temperature values obtained from the optimization are 3.97 $$\%$$ and 0.35 $$\%$$ , respectively. The proposed method is effective in enhancing thermal management, satisfying power and signal integrity requirements, and minimizing manufacturing costs.
format Article
id doaj-art-d00e0b78cccd4ff0a5c15de47dac1383
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-d00e0b78cccd4ff0a5c15de47dac13832025-08-20T03:42:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-09914-yElectrothermal co-optimization of 2.5D power distribution network with TTSV coolingYang Wang0Changle Zhi1Gang Dong2Daihang Liu3Deguang Yang4Zhangming Zhu5School of Integrated Circuits, Xidian UniversitySchool of Integrated Circuits, Xidian UniversitySchool of Integrated Circuits, Xidian UniversitySchool of Integrated Circuits, Xidian UniversitySchool of Integrated Circuits, Xidian UniversitySchool of Integrated Circuits, Xidian UniversityAbstract Thermal and power integrity management remains a fundamental challenge in 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) integrated microsystem design. This paper proposes an electrothermal co-optimization design methodology for a 2.5D power distribution network with thermal through silicon via (TTSV) cooling. A hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm is presented to optimize the multi-objective function in terms of both the electrothermal properties and manufacturing cost. The proposed approach achieves an optimal solution (minimum fitness value = 310.3) for TTSV scaling and chiplet placement, albeit with increased computational complexity. Compared to the finite element simulation results, the average absolute errors of the impedance and temperature values obtained from the optimization are 3.97 $$\%$$ and 0.35 $$\%$$ , respectively. The proposed method is effective in enhancing thermal management, satisfying power and signal integrity requirements, and minimizing manufacturing costs.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09914-yElectrothermal co-optimizationPDNTTSVHMO
spellingShingle Yang Wang
Changle Zhi
Gang Dong
Daihang Liu
Deguang Yang
Zhangming Zhu
Electrothermal co-optimization of 2.5D power distribution network with TTSV cooling
Scientific Reports
Electrothermal co-optimization
PDN
TTSV
HMO
title Electrothermal co-optimization of 2.5D power distribution network with TTSV cooling
title_full Electrothermal co-optimization of 2.5D power distribution network with TTSV cooling
title_fullStr Electrothermal co-optimization of 2.5D power distribution network with TTSV cooling
title_full_unstemmed Electrothermal co-optimization of 2.5D power distribution network with TTSV cooling
title_short Electrothermal co-optimization of 2.5D power distribution network with TTSV cooling
title_sort electrothermal co optimization of 2 5d power distribution network with ttsv cooling
topic Electrothermal co-optimization
PDN
TTSV
HMO
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09914-y
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AT changlezhi electrothermalcooptimizationof25dpowerdistributionnetworkwithttsvcooling
AT gangdong electrothermalcooptimizationof25dpowerdistributionnetworkwithttsvcooling
AT daihangliu electrothermalcooptimizationof25dpowerdistributionnetworkwithttsvcooling
AT deguangyang electrothermalcooptimizationof25dpowerdistributionnetworkwithttsvcooling
AT zhangmingzhu electrothermalcooptimizationof25dpowerdistributionnetworkwithttsvcooling