Causal role of immune cells in varicose veins: insights from a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Immune factors play a pivotal role in the development of vascular diseases. However, research on the relationship between immune cells and the risk of varicose veins remains limited. In this study, we utilized summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and employed bidir...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qi-Feng Zhang, Qi-Li Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03602-7
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