Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract Background Although recent studies have increasingly focused on examining the potential benefits of creatine supplementation to improve performance in swimming events, the impact of creatine supplementation on swimming performance remains a topic of debate and controversy. A comprehensive m...

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Main Authors: Dongxiang Huang, Xiaobing Wang, Tomohiro Gonjo, Hideki Takagi, Bo Huang, Wenrui Huang, Qi Shan, Daniel Hung-Kay Chow
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-10-01
Series:Sports Medicine - Open
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00784-8
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author Dongxiang Huang
Xiaobing Wang
Tomohiro Gonjo
Hideki Takagi
Bo Huang
Wenrui Huang
Qi Shan
Daniel Hung-Kay Chow
author_facet Dongxiang Huang
Xiaobing Wang
Tomohiro Gonjo
Hideki Takagi
Bo Huang
Wenrui Huang
Qi Shan
Daniel Hung-Kay Chow
author_sort Dongxiang Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Although recent studies have increasingly focused on examining the potential benefits of creatine supplementation to improve performance in swimming events, the impact of creatine supplementation on swimming performance remains a topic of debate and controversy. A comprehensive meta-analytical review was undertaken to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on the performance, physiological response, and body composition among swimmers. Methods The research methodology adhered strictly to the guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases (Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus) until March 23, 2024. Eligible studies that investigated the impact of creatine supplementation on swimming time, physiological parameters, and body composition in swimmers were included. For the meta-analysis, a random-effects model was employed to determine the collective effect and assess variations across distinct subgroups defined by swimming time, physiological metrics, and body composition. Meta-regression analysis was conducted on datasets comprising ten or more studies. Standardized mean differences (SMD) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. To evaluate the methodological rigor of the included studies, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was utilized. Results The systematic review included seventeen studies with a total of 361 subjects. No significant differences were observed in the overall effect during single sprint swimming (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.15; p = 0.61), repeated interval swimming (SMD: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.46, 0.25; p = 0.56), physiological response (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.23; p = 0.71), and body composition (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.41; p = 0.12) between creatine and placebo groups. Conclusions Creatine supplementation exhibited ineffectiveness in enhancing the performance, physiological response, and body composition among swimmers.
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spelling doaj-art-cf5db67439054cd19520b77ea178e4272025-08-20T02:11:18ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612024-10-0110111510.1186/s40798-024-00784-8Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsDongxiang Huang0Xiaobing Wang1Tomohiro Gonjo2Hideki Takagi3Bo Huang4Wenrui Huang5Qi Shan6Daniel Hung-Kay Chow7School of Physical Education, Shaoguan UniversitySchool of Physical Education, Shaoguan UniversityInstitute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt UniversityFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of TsukubaSchool of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal UniversityShenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalDepartment of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong KongDepartment of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong KongAbstract Background Although recent studies have increasingly focused on examining the potential benefits of creatine supplementation to improve performance in swimming events, the impact of creatine supplementation on swimming performance remains a topic of debate and controversy. A comprehensive meta-analytical review was undertaken to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on the performance, physiological response, and body composition among swimmers. Methods The research methodology adhered strictly to the guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases (Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus) until March 23, 2024. Eligible studies that investigated the impact of creatine supplementation on swimming time, physiological parameters, and body composition in swimmers were included. For the meta-analysis, a random-effects model was employed to determine the collective effect and assess variations across distinct subgroups defined by swimming time, physiological metrics, and body composition. Meta-regression analysis was conducted on datasets comprising ten or more studies. Standardized mean differences (SMD) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. To evaluate the methodological rigor of the included studies, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was utilized. Results The systematic review included seventeen studies with a total of 361 subjects. No significant differences were observed in the overall effect during single sprint swimming (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.15; p = 0.61), repeated interval swimming (SMD: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.46, 0.25; p = 0.56), physiological response (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.23; p = 0.71), and body composition (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.41; p = 0.12) between creatine and placebo groups. Conclusions Creatine supplementation exhibited ineffectiveness in enhancing the performance, physiological response, and body composition among swimmers.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00784-8CreatineSwimming performanceBody composition
spellingShingle Dongxiang Huang
Xiaobing Wang
Tomohiro Gonjo
Hideki Takagi
Bo Huang
Wenrui Huang
Qi Shan
Daniel Hung-Kay Chow
Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Sports Medicine - Open
Creatine
Swimming performance
Body composition
title Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_full Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_fullStr Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_short Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Performance, Physiological Response, and Body Composition Among Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_sort effects of creatine supplementation on the performance physiological response and body composition among swimmers a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
topic Creatine
Swimming performance
Body composition
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00784-8
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