Exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, HPLC profiling, and PAL and CHS genes expression in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’)

Abstract Background Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit products globally and has a high nutritional value with potent antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. In current years, phenylalanine application has been particularly noticed for enhancing the nutritional quality of h...

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Main Authors: Afsaneh Allahveran Oosalo, Lotfali Naseri, Abolfazl Alirezalu, Reza Darvishzadeh, Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05934-4
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author Afsaneh Allahveran Oosalo
Lotfali Naseri
Abolfazl Alirezalu
Reza Darvishzadeh
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
author_facet Afsaneh Allahveran Oosalo
Lotfali Naseri
Abolfazl Alirezalu
Reza Darvishzadeh
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
author_sort Afsaneh Allahveran Oosalo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit products globally and has a high nutritional value with potent antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. In current years, phenylalanine application has been particularly noticed for enhancing the nutritional quality of horticultural crops. With the aim of quality improvement, the effects of foliar application of phenylalanine at 5 concentrations (0, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 μM) on Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’ berry compositions were studied. The studied parameters included antioxidant activity, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, catalase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity, and phenolic compounds content based on HPLC analyses (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, syringetin, catechin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, resveratrol). Results Phenylalanine at 1000 μM increased total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and PAL enzyme activity. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed a significant accumulation of individual phenolic compounds by phenylalanine treatment. The highest values were recorded in the treatments with 100 and 500 μM phenylalanine for most of the phenolic components. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression of PAL and CHS genes was induced by phenylalanine. The highest PAL and CHS gene expression was observed at 500 μM and then at 1000 μM phenylalanine treatment. Conclusions With the use of phenylalanine, the activity of the PAL and CHS enzyme and PAL and CHS gene expression were significantly increased and led to a greater accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activiety. This study suggests that the use of phenylalanine as a main precursor for the synthesis of phenolic compounds, can improve the phenolic composition of grapes and could be a practical approach to advance fruit quality in the production of grape cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’.
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language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
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series BMC Plant Biology
spelling doaj-art-cec168b9c48c4a73b69c075bea7f78b12025-08-20T02:39:39ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-12-0124111310.1186/s12870-024-05934-4Exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, HPLC profiling, and PAL and CHS genes expression in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’)Afsaneh Allahveran Oosalo0Lotfali Naseri1Abolfazl Alirezalu2Reza Darvishzadeh3Samad Nejad Ebrahimi4Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia UniversityDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia UniversityDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia UniversityDepartment of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia UniversityDepartment of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti UniversityAbstract Background Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit products globally and has a high nutritional value with potent antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. In current years, phenylalanine application has been particularly noticed for enhancing the nutritional quality of horticultural crops. With the aim of quality improvement, the effects of foliar application of phenylalanine at 5 concentrations (0, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 μM) on Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’ berry compositions were studied. The studied parameters included antioxidant activity, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, catalase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity, and phenolic compounds content based on HPLC analyses (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, syringetin, catechin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, resveratrol). Results Phenylalanine at 1000 μM increased total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and PAL enzyme activity. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed a significant accumulation of individual phenolic compounds by phenylalanine treatment. The highest values were recorded in the treatments with 100 and 500 μM phenylalanine for most of the phenolic components. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression of PAL and CHS genes was induced by phenylalanine. The highest PAL and CHS gene expression was observed at 500 μM and then at 1000 μM phenylalanine treatment. Conclusions With the use of phenylalanine, the activity of the PAL and CHS enzyme and PAL and CHS gene expression were significantly increased and led to a greater accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activiety. This study suggests that the use of phenylalanine as a main precursor for the synthesis of phenolic compounds, can improve the phenolic composition of grapes and could be a practical approach to advance fruit quality in the production of grape cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05934-4Antioxidant capacityPAL and CHS genesPhenolic compoundsPhenylalaninePhenylalanine ammonia-lyase
spellingShingle Afsaneh Allahveran Oosalo
Lotfali Naseri
Abolfazl Alirezalu
Reza Darvishzadeh
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
Exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, HPLC profiling, and PAL and CHS genes expression in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’)
BMC Plant Biology
Antioxidant capacity
PAL and CHS genes
Phenolic compounds
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
title Exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, HPLC profiling, and PAL and CHS genes expression in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’)
title_full Exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, HPLC profiling, and PAL and CHS genes expression in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’)
title_fullStr Exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, HPLC profiling, and PAL and CHS genes expression in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’)
title_full_unstemmed Exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, HPLC profiling, and PAL and CHS genes expression in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’)
title_short Exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, HPLC profiling, and PAL and CHS genes expression in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Qzl Ouzum’)
title_sort exogenous phenylalanine application effects on phytochemicals antioxidant activity hplc profiling and pal and chs genes expression in table grapes vitis vinifera cv qzl ouzum
topic Antioxidant capacity
PAL and CHS genes
Phenolic compounds
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05934-4
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