The malignant dialogue between cancer-associated fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells: microenvironment-mediated drug resistance and therapeutic targets

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are pivotal in shaping the immunosuppressive and chemoresistant tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma (OS). This review explores how CAFs drive OS progression through paracrine signaling (e.g., TGF-β, IL-6), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, exosome-m...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiufeng Wang, Cong Luo, Danying Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1621521/full
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