Cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit: Insights for processing and fresh consumption

Seed hardness adversely affects consumer preference and hence is an important economic trait in guava breeding (Psidium guajava L.). In this study, seed hardness was studied in 18 guava genotypes along with other related seed, fruit, and biochemical traits important for fresh consumption and process...

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Main Authors: Shubham Jagga, Madhubala Thakre, Rakesh Bharadwaj, Poonam Maurya, Rohit Nigam, Nayan Deepak Gangappa, Arumugam Nagaraja, Manish Srivastav, Eldho Varghese, Amitha Mithra Sevanthi, Jai Chand Rana, Amritbir Riar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Applied Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005177
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author Shubham Jagga
Madhubala Thakre
Rakesh Bharadwaj
Poonam Maurya
Rohit Nigam
Nayan Deepak Gangappa
Arumugam Nagaraja
Manish Srivastav
Eldho Varghese
Amitha Mithra Sevanthi
Jai Chand Rana
Amritbir Riar
author_facet Shubham Jagga
Madhubala Thakre
Rakesh Bharadwaj
Poonam Maurya
Rohit Nigam
Nayan Deepak Gangappa
Arumugam Nagaraja
Manish Srivastav
Eldho Varghese
Amitha Mithra Sevanthi
Jai Chand Rana
Amritbir Riar
author_sort Shubham Jagga
collection DOAJ
description Seed hardness adversely affects consumer preference and hence is an important economic trait in guava breeding (Psidium guajava L.). In this study, seed hardness was studied in 18 guava genotypes along with other related seed, fruit, and biochemical traits important for fresh consumption and processing purposes. The seed hardness ranged from 64.94 N (Hisar Surkha Variant) to 217.73 N (Sasni). It was positively and significantly correlated with the seed index (0.783), lignin content (0.719), cellulose content (0.669), seed width (0.704), fruit weight (0.696), and fruit width (0.686). In very hard seeded guava genotypes, namely Sasni and VNR Bihi, both cellulose (compactly arranged cellulose microfibrils) and lignin were deposited in the form of a thick layer. Whereas soft seeded guava genotypes Hisar Surkha Variant and Hisar Surkha, had very thin cellulose (loosely arranged cellulose microfibrils) and lignin layers. The heatmap analysis of seed hardness, cellulose content, and lignin content categorized 18 guava genotypes into very hard (Sasni, VNR Bihi, Black guava), hard (11 genotypes), and soft-seeded (Hisar Surkha Variant, Hisar Surkha, Hisar Safeda, Pant Prabhat) categories. This categorization should be taken into consideration during selection of guava variety for processing purpose as the cellulose and lignin driven seed hardness in guava can affect the product quality and its palatability.
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series Applied Food Research
spelling doaj-art-ccab5444ddc74c569421bacd6d3f81be2025-08-20T03:41:56ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222025-12-015210121210.1016/j.afres.2025.101212Cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit: Insights for processing and fresh consumptionShubham Jagga0Madhubala Thakre1Rakesh Bharadwaj2Poonam Maurya3Rohit Nigam4Nayan Deepak Gangappa5Arumugam Nagaraja6Manish Srivastav7Eldho Varghese8Amitha Mithra Sevanthi9Jai Chand Rana10Amritbir Riar11Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, IndiaDivision of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, India; Corresponding authors.ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, IndiaDivision of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, IndiaDivision of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Bengaluru 560 089, India; Corresponding authors.College of Horticulture, Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284 003, IndiaICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, IndiaICAR- National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, IndiaThe Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT-India Office, New Delhi 110012, IndiaThe Research Institute on Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, SwitzerlandSeed hardness adversely affects consumer preference and hence is an important economic trait in guava breeding (Psidium guajava L.). In this study, seed hardness was studied in 18 guava genotypes along with other related seed, fruit, and biochemical traits important for fresh consumption and processing purposes. The seed hardness ranged from 64.94 N (Hisar Surkha Variant) to 217.73 N (Sasni). It was positively and significantly correlated with the seed index (0.783), lignin content (0.719), cellulose content (0.669), seed width (0.704), fruit weight (0.696), and fruit width (0.686). In very hard seeded guava genotypes, namely Sasni and VNR Bihi, both cellulose (compactly arranged cellulose microfibrils) and lignin were deposited in the form of a thick layer. Whereas soft seeded guava genotypes Hisar Surkha Variant and Hisar Surkha, had very thin cellulose (loosely arranged cellulose microfibrils) and lignin layers. The heatmap analysis of seed hardness, cellulose content, and lignin content categorized 18 guava genotypes into very hard (Sasni, VNR Bihi, Black guava), hard (11 genotypes), and soft-seeded (Hisar Surkha Variant, Hisar Surkha, Hisar Safeda, Pant Prabhat) categories. This categorization should be taken into consideration during selection of guava variety for processing purpose as the cellulose and lignin driven seed hardness in guava can affect the product quality and its palatability.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005177CelluloseLigninSeed hardnessGuava processingSEM
spellingShingle Shubham Jagga
Madhubala Thakre
Rakesh Bharadwaj
Poonam Maurya
Rohit Nigam
Nayan Deepak Gangappa
Arumugam Nagaraja
Manish Srivastav
Eldho Varghese
Amitha Mithra Sevanthi
Jai Chand Rana
Amritbir Riar
Cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit: Insights for processing and fresh consumption
Applied Food Research
Cellulose
Lignin
Seed hardness
Guava processing
SEM
title Cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit: Insights for processing and fresh consumption
title_full Cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit: Insights for processing and fresh consumption
title_fullStr Cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit: Insights for processing and fresh consumption
title_full_unstemmed Cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit: Insights for processing and fresh consumption
title_short Cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit: Insights for processing and fresh consumption
title_sort cellulose and lignin are the regulators of seed hardness in guava psidium guajava l fruit insights for processing and fresh consumption
topic Cellulose
Lignin
Seed hardness
Guava processing
SEM
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005177
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