Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation

Abstract Eukaryotic cells direct toxic misfolded proteins to various quality control pathways based on their chemical properties and aggregation status. Aggregated proteins are targeted to selective autophagy or specifically sequestered into the “aggresome”, a perinuclear inclusion at the microtubul...

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Main Authors: Rui Fang, Luolan Bai, Bert M. Verheijen, Boyan Li, Kevin Dong, Joao A. Paulo, Mengying Zhou, Yi-Chi Chu, Yuyu Song, Michael Y. Sherman, Steven Gygi, Christine M. Field, Timothy J. Mitchison, Ying Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62751-5
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author Rui Fang
Luolan Bai
Bert M. Verheijen
Boyan Li
Kevin Dong
Joao A. Paulo
Mengying Zhou
Yi-Chi Chu
Yuyu Song
Michael Y. Sherman
Steven Gygi
Christine M. Field
Timothy J. Mitchison
Ying Lu
author_facet Rui Fang
Luolan Bai
Bert M. Verheijen
Boyan Li
Kevin Dong
Joao A. Paulo
Mengying Zhou
Yi-Chi Chu
Yuyu Song
Michael Y. Sherman
Steven Gygi
Christine M. Field
Timothy J. Mitchison
Ying Lu
author_sort Rui Fang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Eukaryotic cells direct toxic misfolded proteins to various quality control pathways based on their chemical properties and aggregation status. Aggregated proteins are targeted to selective autophagy or specifically sequestered into the “aggresome”, a perinuclear inclusion at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). However, the mechanism for selective aggresome recruitment remains unclear. To investigate this process, here we reconstitute MTOC-directed aggregate transport in Xenopus laevis egg extract using AgDD, a chemically inducible aggregation system. High-resolution single-particle tracking reveals that dynein-mediated aggregate transport is highly episodic, with average velocity positively correlating with aggregate size. Mechanistic modeling suggests that recurrent formation of the dynein transport complex biases larger aggregates towards active transport, compensating for the slowdown due to viscosity. Both episodic transport and positive size selectivity are conferred by aggresome-specific dynein adapters. Coupling an aggresome adapter to polystyrene beads recapitulates positive size selectivity in transport, while recruiting conventional dynein adapters to protein aggregates perturbs aggresome formation and reverses the size selectivity.
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issn 2041-1723
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spelling doaj-art-cb7c230659744fe0ad808efd9908668f2025-08-24T11:37:13ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116112410.1038/s41467-025-62751-5Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formationRui Fang0Luolan Bai1Bert M. Verheijen2Boyan Li3Kevin Dong4Joao A. Paulo5Mengying Zhou6Yi-Chi Chu7Yuyu Song8Michael Y. Sherman9Steven Gygi10Christine M. Field11Timothy J. Mitchison12Ying Lu13Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalDepartment of Molecular Biology, Ariel UniversityDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolAbstract Eukaryotic cells direct toxic misfolded proteins to various quality control pathways based on their chemical properties and aggregation status. Aggregated proteins are targeted to selective autophagy or specifically sequestered into the “aggresome”, a perinuclear inclusion at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). However, the mechanism for selective aggresome recruitment remains unclear. To investigate this process, here we reconstitute MTOC-directed aggregate transport in Xenopus laevis egg extract using AgDD, a chemically inducible aggregation system. High-resolution single-particle tracking reveals that dynein-mediated aggregate transport is highly episodic, with average velocity positively correlating with aggregate size. Mechanistic modeling suggests that recurrent formation of the dynein transport complex biases larger aggregates towards active transport, compensating for the slowdown due to viscosity. Both episodic transport and positive size selectivity are conferred by aggresome-specific dynein adapters. Coupling an aggresome adapter to polystyrene beads recapitulates positive size selectivity in transport, while recruiting conventional dynein adapters to protein aggregates perturbs aggresome formation and reverses the size selectivity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62751-5
spellingShingle Rui Fang
Luolan Bai
Bert M. Verheijen
Boyan Li
Kevin Dong
Joao A. Paulo
Mengying Zhou
Yi-Chi Chu
Yuyu Song
Michael Y. Sherman
Steven Gygi
Christine M. Field
Timothy J. Mitchison
Ying Lu
Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation
Nature Communications
title Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation
title_full Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation
title_fullStr Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation
title_full_unstemmed Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation
title_short Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation
title_sort episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62751-5
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