<i>Nymphoides peltata</i> Alleviates Patulin-Induced Glutamine Metabolic Stress and Epithelial Toxicity in Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

<i>Nymphoides peltata</i> Alleviates Patulin-Induced Glutamine Metabolic Stress and Epithelial Toxicity in Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin commonly found in fruits and contaminated feedstuffs, known for its gastrointestinal and systemic toxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying PAT-induced damage to intestinal epithelial cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that 6.5 µM PAT expos...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chae Hyun Lee, Sangsu Shin, Tae Hyun Kim, Sang In Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
patulin
glutamine metabolism
ER stress
inflammation
intestinal epithelial barrier
natural products
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/7/337
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