Effect of slow deep breathing on cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of slow deep breathing (SDB) on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Methods Sixty patients with CAN secondary to type T2DM were randomly a...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01862-x |
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| Summary: | Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of slow deep breathing (SDB) on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Methods Sixty patients with CAN secondary to type T2DM were randomly assigned to SDB (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. All patients were treated with mecobalamin (0.5 mg; times daily). Patients in the SDB group underwent slow deep breathing training against a background of soothing music. Before treatment and 3 months after treatment, height, body weight, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), HbA1c, LDL, TG, heart-rate-variability (HRV), and hart rate recovery (HRR) were measured 1 min after the 6-min walk test in the two groups. Results BMI, SBP, DBP, HbA1c, LDL, and TG levels were comparable between the two groups and remained unchanged after treatment in two groups (P > 0.05). In the SDB group, the standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR (RMSSD), low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF), and LF/HF ratio changed significantly after treatment (P < 0.05), and these measurements remained statistically significant after adjusting for age (P < 0.05), but HR and the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (PNN50) remained unchanged (P > 0.05). In the control group, HR, SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio remained unchanged after treatment (P > 0.05). The SBP, SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratios were significantly different between the two groups after treatment.(P < 0.05), and these measurements remained statistically significant after adjusting for age (P < 0.05). In addition, the HRR1 levels were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion With soothing music as the background, sustained slow deep breathing training can improve heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiac autonomic neuropathy, independent of age, providing a new approach for the treatment of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes. Clinical trial number The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200063260). |
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| ISSN: | 1758-5996 |