Global burden of kidney cancer attributable to smoking: A systematic analysis of the 1990–2021 global burden of disease study

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological burden and temporal trends of kidney cancer (KC) attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The study included 204 countries and regions, as provided in the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The study participants were...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dingtian Qi, Bowen Wang, Haoxun Zhang, Feng Xiong, Guoling Zhang, Chunyang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Preventive Medicine Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525001354
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