Comparison of active site mutations at subsite + 2 of Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 β-glucosidase for hydrolysis of pNPG and polydatin

Abstract β-glucosidase from Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 (BglA9) is a potent enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis of polydatin to resveratrol. Based on structural and bioinformatics analysis an area near + 2 subsite of the active site pocket of BglA9 was selected and single point mutations were introduced...

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Main Authors: Numan Saleh Zada, Ali Osman Belduz, Abdulrahman H. Alessa, Halil Ibrahim Güler, Mine Karaoğlan, Malik Badshah, Aamer Ali Shah, Aasia Kalsoom, Samiullah Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00984-4
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author Numan Saleh Zada
Ali Osman Belduz
Abdulrahman H. Alessa
Halil Ibrahim Güler
Mine Karaoğlan
Malik Badshah
Aamer Ali Shah
Aasia Kalsoom
Samiullah Khan
author_facet Numan Saleh Zada
Ali Osman Belduz
Abdulrahman H. Alessa
Halil Ibrahim Güler
Mine Karaoğlan
Malik Badshah
Aamer Ali Shah
Aasia Kalsoom
Samiullah Khan
author_sort Numan Saleh Zada
collection DOAJ
description Abstract β-glucosidase from Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 (BglA9) is a potent enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis of polydatin to resveratrol. Based on structural and bioinformatics analysis an area near + 2 subsite of the active site pocket of BglA9 was selected and single point mutations were introduced with the aim to enhance the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme towards pNPG and polydatin. The active site region selected for mutations is non-conserved between different glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) enzymes and is located at the end of β-strand 6. The changes introduced in the active site residues were L221S, N222S and G226Q. The E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells were used for the expression of mutant proteins and purification was achieved by Ni-NTA column chromatography. The thermal and pH stability was retained in all the mutants. The proteins with mutated residue resulted in variations in K m and k cat /K m (catalytic efficiency) values. The K m values of mutants for pNPG and polydatin were lowered, indicating a better enzyme-substrate complex, while variations in k cat /K m values were observed for both substrates. The docking analysis supported these observations and by comparing binding energies; the mutant N222S showed the best docked complex. This investigation suggests that the + 2 subsite of BglA9 is an interesting area to be mutated and changes in amino acid residues at this site can influence both K m and catalytic efficiency. The deglycosylated derivates were also compared for their antioxidant activities and showed enhanced antioxidant potential as compared to glycoside measured by DPPH assay.
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spelling doaj-art-c8ffd2ca23884783a5d1dfd026ffd1092025-08-20T04:01:36ZengBMCBMC Biotechnology1472-67502025-07-0125111410.1186/s12896-025-00984-4Comparison of active site mutations at subsite + 2 of Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 β-glucosidase for hydrolysis of pNPG and polydatinNuman Saleh Zada0Ali Osman Belduz1Abdulrahman H. Alessa2Halil Ibrahim Güler3Mine Karaoğlan4Malik Badshah5Aamer Ali Shah6Aasia Kalsoom7Samiullah Khan8Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of TabukDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityPakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityAbstract β-glucosidase from Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 (BglA9) is a potent enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis of polydatin to resveratrol. Based on structural and bioinformatics analysis an area near + 2 subsite of the active site pocket of BglA9 was selected and single point mutations were introduced with the aim to enhance the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme towards pNPG and polydatin. The active site region selected for mutations is non-conserved between different glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) enzymes and is located at the end of β-strand 6. The changes introduced in the active site residues were L221S, N222S and G226Q. The E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells were used for the expression of mutant proteins and purification was achieved by Ni-NTA column chromatography. The thermal and pH stability was retained in all the mutants. The proteins with mutated residue resulted in variations in K m and k cat /K m (catalytic efficiency) values. The K m values of mutants for pNPG and polydatin were lowered, indicating a better enzyme-substrate complex, while variations in k cat /K m values were observed for both substrates. The docking analysis supported these observations and by comparing binding energies; the mutant N222S showed the best docked complex. This investigation suggests that the + 2 subsite of BglA9 is an interesting area to be mutated and changes in amino acid residues at this site can influence both K m and catalytic efficiency. The deglycosylated derivates were also compared for their antioxidant activities and showed enhanced antioxidant potential as compared to glycoside measured by DPPH assay.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00984-4Β-glucosidasePolydatinAnoxybacillus ayderensis A9Active site mutationsRational designing
spellingShingle Numan Saleh Zada
Ali Osman Belduz
Abdulrahman H. Alessa
Halil Ibrahim Güler
Mine Karaoğlan
Malik Badshah
Aamer Ali Shah
Aasia Kalsoom
Samiullah Khan
Comparison of active site mutations at subsite + 2 of Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 β-glucosidase for hydrolysis of pNPG and polydatin
BMC Biotechnology
Β-glucosidase
Polydatin
Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9
Active site mutations
Rational designing
title Comparison of active site mutations at subsite + 2 of Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 β-glucosidase for hydrolysis of pNPG and polydatin
title_full Comparison of active site mutations at subsite + 2 of Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 β-glucosidase for hydrolysis of pNPG and polydatin
title_fullStr Comparison of active site mutations at subsite + 2 of Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 β-glucosidase for hydrolysis of pNPG and polydatin
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of active site mutations at subsite + 2 of Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 β-glucosidase for hydrolysis of pNPG and polydatin
title_short Comparison of active site mutations at subsite + 2 of Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9 β-glucosidase for hydrolysis of pNPG and polydatin
title_sort comparison of active site mutations at subsite 2 of anoxybacillus ayderensis a9 β glucosidase for hydrolysis of pnpg and polydatin
topic Β-glucosidase
Polydatin
Anoxybacillus ayderensis A9
Active site mutations
Rational designing
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00984-4
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