Multiomics reveals metformin’s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for MAFLD intervention

Abstract Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, is a growing global health issue associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the potential of metformin, a common anti-diabetic drug, to slo...

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Main Authors: Yuan-dong Sun, Hao Zhang, Xiao-long Gong, Yuan-min Li, Ruiqin Han, Chun-xiao Zhou, Jian-jun Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07557-7
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author Yuan-dong Sun
Hao Zhang
Xiao-long Gong
Yuan-min Li
Ruiqin Han
Chun-xiao Zhou
Jian-jun Han
author_facet Yuan-dong Sun
Hao Zhang
Xiao-long Gong
Yuan-min Li
Ruiqin Han
Chun-xiao Zhou
Jian-jun Han
author_sort Yuan-dong Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, is a growing global health issue associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the potential of metformin, a common anti-diabetic drug, to slow the progression of MAFLD using a multi-omics approach. Male Wistar rats were fed a choline-deficient diet to induce MAFLD and treated with metformin through their drinking water for 48 weeks. We conducted a comprehensive analysis including liver histology, untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and gut microbiome profiling to assess the effects of metformin on liver and gut metabolic patterns. Metformin administration led to significant changes in gut microbiome diversity and the abundance of specific microbial species in MAFLD rats. Histological analysis showed that metformin-treated rats had reduced lipid accumulation and fibrosis in the liver compared to untreated MAFLD rats. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses revealed that metformin corrected abnormal lipid metabolism patterns, reduced hepatic fat deposition, and influenced key metabolic pathways associated with MAFLD progression. Our findings suggest that metformin has a protective role against MAFLD by modulating gut microbiota and liver metabolism, thereby slowing the progression of hepatic fibrosis. This study provides insights into the therapeutic potential of metformin for MAFLD by addressing metabolic pattern disorders and abnormal changes in gut microbial diversity, highlighting its impact on lipid metabolism and gut-liver axis interactions.
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issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-c814185b9138426ea5e6bb864dada30d2025-08-20T04:01:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112310.1038/s41598-025-07557-7Multiomics reveals metformin’s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for MAFLD interventionYuan-dong Sun0Hao Zhang1Xiao-long Gong2Yuan-min Li3Ruiqin Han4Chun-xiao Zhou5Jian-jun Han6Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Cancer HospitalDepartment of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesGraduate School of Shandong First Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillDepartment of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesAbstract Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, is a growing global health issue associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the potential of metformin, a common anti-diabetic drug, to slow the progression of MAFLD using a multi-omics approach. Male Wistar rats were fed a choline-deficient diet to induce MAFLD and treated with metformin through their drinking water for 48 weeks. We conducted a comprehensive analysis including liver histology, untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and gut microbiome profiling to assess the effects of metformin on liver and gut metabolic patterns. Metformin administration led to significant changes in gut microbiome diversity and the abundance of specific microbial species in MAFLD rats. Histological analysis showed that metformin-treated rats had reduced lipid accumulation and fibrosis in the liver compared to untreated MAFLD rats. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses revealed that metformin corrected abnormal lipid metabolism patterns, reduced hepatic fat deposition, and influenced key metabolic pathways associated with MAFLD progression. Our findings suggest that metformin has a protective role against MAFLD by modulating gut microbiota and liver metabolism, thereby slowing the progression of hepatic fibrosis. This study provides insights into the therapeutic potential of metformin for MAFLD by addressing metabolic pattern disorders and abnormal changes in gut microbial diversity, highlighting its impact on lipid metabolism and gut-liver axis interactions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07557-7Metabolic associated fatty liver diseaseLiver cirrhosisMetforminMulti-omicsLiver metabolism
spellingShingle Yuan-dong Sun
Hao Zhang
Xiao-long Gong
Yuan-min Li
Ruiqin Han
Chun-xiao Zhou
Jian-jun Han
Multiomics reveals metformin’s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for MAFLD intervention
Scientific Reports
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease
Liver cirrhosis
Metformin
Multi-omics
Liver metabolism
title Multiomics reveals metformin’s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for MAFLD intervention
title_full Multiomics reveals metformin’s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for MAFLD intervention
title_fullStr Multiomics reveals metformin’s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for MAFLD intervention
title_full_unstemmed Multiomics reveals metformin’s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for MAFLD intervention
title_short Multiomics reveals metformin’s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for MAFLD intervention
title_sort multiomics reveals metformin s dual role in gut microbiome remodeling and hepatic metabolic reprogramming for mafld intervention
topic Metabolic associated fatty liver disease
Liver cirrhosis
Metformin
Multi-omics
Liver metabolism
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07557-7
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