Identification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of TMC1

Abstract Our ability to hear and maintain balance relies on the proper functioning of inner ear sensory hair cells, which translate mechanical stimuli into electrical signals via mechano-electrical transducer (MET) channels, composed of TMC1/2 proteins. However, the therapeutic use of ototoxic drugs...

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Main Authors: Pedro De-la-Torre, Claudia Martínez-García, Paul Gratias, Matthew Mun, Paula Santana, Nurunisa Akyuz, Wendy González, Artur A. Indzhykulian, David Ramírez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07943-x
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author Pedro De-la-Torre
Claudia Martínez-García
Paul Gratias
Matthew Mun
Paula Santana
Nurunisa Akyuz
Wendy González
Artur A. Indzhykulian
David Ramírez
author_facet Pedro De-la-Torre
Claudia Martínez-García
Paul Gratias
Matthew Mun
Paula Santana
Nurunisa Akyuz
Wendy González
Artur A. Indzhykulian
David Ramírez
author_sort Pedro De-la-Torre
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Our ability to hear and maintain balance relies on the proper functioning of inner ear sensory hair cells, which translate mechanical stimuli into electrical signals via mechano-electrical transducer (MET) channels, composed of TMC1/2 proteins. However, the therapeutic use of ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides and cisplatin, which can enter hair cells through MET channels, often leads to profound auditory and vestibular dysfunction. To date, our understanding of how small-molecule modulators interact with TMCs remains limited, hampering the discovery of novel drugs. Here, we propose a structure-based drug screening approach, integrating 3D-pharmacophore modeling, molecular dynamics simulations of the TMC1 + CIB2 + TMIE complex, and experimental validation. Our pipeline successfully identified three potential drug-binding sites within the TMC1 pore, phospholipids, and key amino acids involved in the binding of several compounds, as well as FDA-approved drugs that reduced dye uptake in cultured cochlear explants. Our pipeline offers a broad application for discovering modulators for mechanosensitive ion channels.
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spelling doaj-art-c70fab267be74b15b375bc49ec5234182025-08-20T02:25:12ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-05-018112210.1038/s42003-025-07943-xIdentification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of TMC1Pedro De-la-Torre0Claudia Martínez-García1Paul Gratias2Matthew Mun3Paula Santana4Nurunisa Akyuz5Wendy González6Artur A. Indzhykulian7David Ramírez8Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Mass Eye and EarDepartamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de ConcepciónDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Mass Eye and EarDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Mass Eye and EarFacultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de ChileDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolCenter for Bioinformatics, Simulations and Modelling (CBSM), University of TalcaDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Mass Eye and EarDepartamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de ConcepciónAbstract Our ability to hear and maintain balance relies on the proper functioning of inner ear sensory hair cells, which translate mechanical stimuli into electrical signals via mechano-electrical transducer (MET) channels, composed of TMC1/2 proteins. However, the therapeutic use of ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides and cisplatin, which can enter hair cells through MET channels, often leads to profound auditory and vestibular dysfunction. To date, our understanding of how small-molecule modulators interact with TMCs remains limited, hampering the discovery of novel drugs. Here, we propose a structure-based drug screening approach, integrating 3D-pharmacophore modeling, molecular dynamics simulations of the TMC1 + CIB2 + TMIE complex, and experimental validation. Our pipeline successfully identified three potential drug-binding sites within the TMC1 pore, phospholipids, and key amino acids involved in the binding of several compounds, as well as FDA-approved drugs that reduced dye uptake in cultured cochlear explants. Our pipeline offers a broad application for discovering modulators for mechanosensitive ion channels.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07943-x
spellingShingle Pedro De-la-Torre
Claudia Martínez-García
Paul Gratias
Matthew Mun
Paula Santana
Nurunisa Akyuz
Wendy González
Artur A. Indzhykulian
David Ramírez
Identification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of TMC1
Communications Biology
title Identification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of TMC1
title_full Identification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of TMC1
title_fullStr Identification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of TMC1
title_full_unstemmed Identification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of TMC1
title_short Identification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of TMC1
title_sort identification of druggable binding sites and small molecules as modulators of tmc1
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07943-x
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