The time of emergence of Arctic warming, wetting and sea ice melting

Abstract In the rapidly warming and wetting Arctic, the time of emergence (ToE) of a new climate state occurs when trends of climate indicators are large enough to surpass the strong natural climate fluctuations in the Arctic. Thus far, uncertainties in climate model projections, variability and met...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nicoleta Tsakali, Marlen Kolbe, Richard Bintanja, Nomikos Skyllas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96607-1
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