Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from Pakistan
Abstract Background Chronic tobacco use, in any form, induces significant cellular alterations in the oral mucosa. This study investigates four distinct cytomorphological changes in oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users, examining their association across different genders and age groups....
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BMC
2024-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05220-7 |
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| author | Sabreen Hassan Ayesha Sifat Mohammad Munib Saleha Saeed Waqar U. Nisa Sofia Haider Durrani Abid Rahim Naeem Ullah Saima Afaq Farhad Ali Khattak Zia Ul Haq |
| author_facet | Sabreen Hassan Ayesha Sifat Mohammad Munib Saleha Saeed Waqar U. Nisa Sofia Haider Durrani Abid Rahim Naeem Ullah Saima Afaq Farhad Ali Khattak Zia Ul Haq |
| author_sort | Sabreen Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Chronic tobacco use, in any form, induces significant cellular alterations in the oral mucosa. This study investigates four distinct cytomorphological changes in oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users, examining their association across different genders and age groups. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study involved collecting mucosal samples from smokeless tobacco (naswar/snuff) users through consecutive sampling. The prepared smears were examined for dysplastic changes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, with Chi-square tests and logistic regression employed to evaluate proportions and associations. Results Among 100 Naswar/snuff users, the labial sulcus mucosa was the most common site affected (47%). The most frequent cytomorphological change was micronuclei (46%), followed by nuclear budding (25%), perinuclear halo (18%), and binucleated cells (14%). In the 51–60 age group, micronuclei (78.9%), nuclear budding (55.3%), binucleation (31.6%), and perinuclear halo (36.8%) were more prevalent (P < 0.005). Gender analysis revealed that micronuclei were more common in females (54.2%) compared to males (43.4%), while nuclear budding was more prevalent in males (27.6%) than females (P < 0.28). Logistic regression indicated that individuals aged 51–60 were more likely to exhibit micronuclei (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.22 to 5.83, P = 0.863) and nuclear budding (OR = 15.34, 95% CI: 9.23 to 30.75, P < 0.05). Conclusion The dysplastic changes observed included micronuclei, nuclear budding, binucleated cells, and perinuclear halo, with micronuclei being the most prevalent. These findings could facilitate the early diagnosis of oral lesions and their timely management in habitual smokeless tobacco users. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c421c6706da5490bb121df2186070fc6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c421c6706da5490bb121df2186070fc62025-08-20T02:59:37ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312024-12-012411810.1186/s12903-024-05220-7Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from PakistanSabreen Hassan0Ayesha Sifat1Mohammad Munib2Saleha Saeed3Waqar U. Nisa4Sofia Haider Durrani5Abid Rahim6Naeem Ullah7Saima Afaq8Farhad Ali Khattak9Zia Ul Haq10Saidu College of DentistryKhyber Medical UniversitySwat Medical CollegeDental College, HITEC – IMSBacha Khan Dental CollegeOral Pathology Department,Sardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara UniversityGandhara UniversitySaidu Medical CollegeDepartment of Health Sciences, University of YorkR&D Cell, Khyber College of DentistryInstitue of Public Health & Social Sciences(IPH&SS), Khyber Medical University(KMU)Abstract Background Chronic tobacco use, in any form, induces significant cellular alterations in the oral mucosa. This study investigates four distinct cytomorphological changes in oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users, examining their association across different genders and age groups. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study involved collecting mucosal samples from smokeless tobacco (naswar/snuff) users through consecutive sampling. The prepared smears were examined for dysplastic changes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, with Chi-square tests and logistic regression employed to evaluate proportions and associations. Results Among 100 Naswar/snuff users, the labial sulcus mucosa was the most common site affected (47%). The most frequent cytomorphological change was micronuclei (46%), followed by nuclear budding (25%), perinuclear halo (18%), and binucleated cells (14%). In the 51–60 age group, micronuclei (78.9%), nuclear budding (55.3%), binucleation (31.6%), and perinuclear halo (36.8%) were more prevalent (P < 0.005). Gender analysis revealed that micronuclei were more common in females (54.2%) compared to males (43.4%), while nuclear budding was more prevalent in males (27.6%) than females (P < 0.28). Logistic regression indicated that individuals aged 51–60 were more likely to exhibit micronuclei (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.22 to 5.83, P = 0.863) and nuclear budding (OR = 15.34, 95% CI: 9.23 to 30.75, P < 0.05). Conclusion The dysplastic changes observed included micronuclei, nuclear budding, binucleated cells, and perinuclear halo, with micronuclei being the most prevalent. These findings could facilitate the early diagnosis of oral lesions and their timely management in habitual smokeless tobacco users.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05220-7Oral lesionsSmokeless tobaccoNaswar/snuffCellular alterationsMicronucleiOral cancer |
| spellingShingle | Sabreen Hassan Ayesha Sifat Mohammad Munib Saleha Saeed Waqar U. Nisa Sofia Haider Durrani Abid Rahim Naeem Ullah Saima Afaq Farhad Ali Khattak Zia Ul Haq Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from Pakistan BMC Oral Health Oral lesions Smokeless tobacco Naswar/snuff Cellular alterations Micronuclei Oral cancer |
| title | Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from Pakistan |
| title_full | Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from Pakistan |
| title_short | Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from Pakistan |
| title_sort | cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle income country settings new findings from pakistan |
| topic | Oral lesions Smokeless tobacco Naswar/snuff Cellular alterations Micronuclei Oral cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05220-7 |
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