Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma
Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging fr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/879783 |
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| author | Girolamo Pelaia Alessandro Vatrella Maria Teresa Busceti Luca Gallelli Cecilia Calabrese Rosa Terracciano Rosario Maselli |
| author_facet | Girolamo Pelaia Alessandro Vatrella Maria Teresa Busceti Luca Gallelli Cecilia Calabrese Rosa Terracciano Rosario Maselli |
| author_sort | Girolamo Pelaia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging from mild-to-moderate to severe uncontrolled disease, whereas neutrophilic inflammation occurs mostly in more severe asthma. Eosinophilic asthma includes either allergic or nonallergic phenotypes underlying immune responses mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell-derived cytokines, whilst neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent on Th17 cell-induced mechanisms. These immune-inflammatory profiles develop as a consequence of a functional impairment of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, which promotes the activation of dendritic cells directing the differentiation of distinct Th cell subsets. The recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthmatic inflammation are contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, potentially suitable for the implementation of future improvements in antiasthma pharmacologic treatments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c3f1e4c83b70416489d2c3506c53bca2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3f1e4c83b70416489d2c3506c53bca22025-02-03T01:26:01ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612015-01-01201510.1155/2015/879783879783Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in AsthmaGirolamo Pelaia0Alessandro Vatrella1Maria Teresa Busceti2Luca Gallelli3Cecilia Calabrese4Rosa Terracciano5Rosario Maselli6Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, 2nd University of Naples, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyAsthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging from mild-to-moderate to severe uncontrolled disease, whereas neutrophilic inflammation occurs mostly in more severe asthma. Eosinophilic asthma includes either allergic or nonallergic phenotypes underlying immune responses mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell-derived cytokines, whilst neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent on Th17 cell-induced mechanisms. These immune-inflammatory profiles develop as a consequence of a functional impairment of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, which promotes the activation of dendritic cells directing the differentiation of distinct Th cell subsets. The recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthmatic inflammation are contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, potentially suitable for the implementation of future improvements in antiasthma pharmacologic treatments.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/879783 |
| spellingShingle | Girolamo Pelaia Alessandro Vatrella Maria Teresa Busceti Luca Gallelli Cecilia Calabrese Rosa Terracciano Rosario Maselli Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma |
| title_full | Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma |
| title_fullStr | Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma |
| title_short | Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma |
| title_sort | cellular mechanisms underlying eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/879783 |
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