A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma
Abstract Chemotherapy is an important treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) and a key component of comprehensive GBM therapy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and complex tumor microenvironment (TME) restrict the diffusion of drugs, which greatly reduces the chemotherapeutic effect on GBM. Single s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60422-z |
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| _version_ | 1850137933731856384 |
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| author | Yuanyuan Gao Meng Mao Yue Li Mingjun Xuan Yingjie Wu Qiang He |
| author_facet | Yuanyuan Gao Meng Mao Yue Li Mingjun Xuan Yingjie Wu Qiang He |
| author_sort | Yuanyuan Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Chemotherapy is an important treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) and a key component of comprehensive GBM therapy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and complex tumor microenvironment (TME) restrict the diffusion of drugs, which greatly reduces the chemotherapeutic effect on GBM. Single strategies, such as cell-based nanobots to cross the BBB or enzymatic nanobots propelled by enriched substrates in the TME for deep tumor penetration, remain inadequate to address multiple barriers and achieve precise targeting. Here, we develop a Trojan horse-inspired enzymatic nanobot-in-neutrobot system (Trojanbot) to greatly enhance targeted GBM therapy. Trojanbots traverse the BBB by leveraging positive chemotaxis in response to tumor-derived chemokine gradients, after which the released catalase-driven nanobots (CatNbot) undergo directional movement along the H2O2 gradients in TME, facilitating deep tumor penetration. This multi-stage targeting strategy improves drug delivery efficiency, providing considerable potential as a clinical approach for brain tumor treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c3a20b9357344dd39b43d255d49c50d5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3a20b9357344dd39b43d255d49c50d52025-08-20T02:30:42ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-06-0116112010.1038/s41467-025-60422-zA self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastomaYuanyuan Gao0Meng Mao1Yue Li2Mingjun Xuan3Yingjie Wu4Qiang He5Key Lab of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of TechnologyKey Lab of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of TechnologyKey Lab of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of TechnologyWenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Lab of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of TechnologyKey Lab of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of TechnologyAbstract Chemotherapy is an important treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) and a key component of comprehensive GBM therapy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and complex tumor microenvironment (TME) restrict the diffusion of drugs, which greatly reduces the chemotherapeutic effect on GBM. Single strategies, such as cell-based nanobots to cross the BBB or enzymatic nanobots propelled by enriched substrates in the TME for deep tumor penetration, remain inadequate to address multiple barriers and achieve precise targeting. Here, we develop a Trojan horse-inspired enzymatic nanobot-in-neutrobot system (Trojanbot) to greatly enhance targeted GBM therapy. Trojanbots traverse the BBB by leveraging positive chemotaxis in response to tumor-derived chemokine gradients, after which the released catalase-driven nanobots (CatNbot) undergo directional movement along the H2O2 gradients in TME, facilitating deep tumor penetration. This multi-stage targeting strategy improves drug delivery efficiency, providing considerable potential as a clinical approach for brain tumor treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60422-z |
| spellingShingle | Yuanyuan Gao Meng Mao Yue Li Mingjun Xuan Yingjie Wu Qiang He A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma Nature Communications |
| title | A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma |
| title_full | A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma |
| title_fullStr | A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma |
| title_short | A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma |
| title_sort | self directed trojanbot enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60422-z |
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