A Survey of Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Scanning Systems

This review investigates recent advancements in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and teleoperated robotic ultrasound systems. Traditional ultrasound imaging depends on manual probe manipulation, which introduces operator variability, physical strain, and limitations in accessibility. To address these ch...

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Main Authors: Khushboo Munir, Abdullah F. Al-Battal, Ammar Alsheghri, Harald Becher, Michelle Noga, Kumaradevan Punithakumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11016698/
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author Khushboo Munir
Abdullah F. Al-Battal
Ammar Alsheghri
Harald Becher
Michelle Noga
Kumaradevan Punithakumar
author_facet Khushboo Munir
Abdullah F. Al-Battal
Ammar Alsheghri
Harald Becher
Michelle Noga
Kumaradevan Punithakumar
author_sort Khushboo Munir
collection DOAJ
description This review investigates recent advancements in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and teleoperated robotic ultrasound systems. Traditional ultrasound imaging depends on manual probe manipulation, which introduces operator variability, physical strain, and limitations in accessibility. To address these challenges, this review investigates recent advancements in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and teleoperated robotic ultrasound systems by analyzing over 60 publications, including key developments from 2022 to 2025. Our survey reveals a growing adoption of cobot-based solutions equipped with 6-DOF force/torque sensors and RGB-D vision systems for precise probe positioning. Notably, several systems now integrate reinforcement learning, image-guided visual servoing, and real-time feedback loops to enable intelligent trajectory planning and adaptive force control. However, we identify critical gaps in the literature: surface-parallel force and torque components are often ignored in control models, limiting the accuracy of probe orientation and tissue coupling. Furthermore, real-time ultrasound image feedback is rarely used for path optimization, despite its importance in enhancing image quality and diagnostic reliability. This review emphasizes the need for future systems to integrate multi-modal sensing, adaptive control, and real-time image quality assessment to achieve robust, generalizable robotic ultrasound workflows.
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issn 2169-3536
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spelling doaj-art-c3a0255069d84da1a3399a5ff01c094f2025-08-20T03:21:40ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011310317810319710.1109/ACCESS.2025.357446411016698A Survey of Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Scanning SystemsKhushboo Munir0Abdullah F. Al-Battal1Ammar Alsheghri2Harald Becher3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-8594Michelle Noga4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-7374Kumaradevan Punithakumar5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-1079Interdisciplinary Research Center for Biosystems and Machines, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaInterdisciplinary Research Center for Biosystems and Machines, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaInterdisciplinary Research Center for Biosystems and Machines, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaMazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDepartment of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDepartment of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaThis review investigates recent advancements in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and teleoperated robotic ultrasound systems. Traditional ultrasound imaging depends on manual probe manipulation, which introduces operator variability, physical strain, and limitations in accessibility. To address these challenges, this review investigates recent advancements in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and teleoperated robotic ultrasound systems by analyzing over 60 publications, including key developments from 2022 to 2025. Our survey reveals a growing adoption of cobot-based solutions equipped with 6-DOF force/torque sensors and RGB-D vision systems for precise probe positioning. Notably, several systems now integrate reinforcement learning, image-guided visual servoing, and real-time feedback loops to enable intelligent trajectory planning and adaptive force control. However, we identify critical gaps in the literature: surface-parallel force and torque components are often ignored in control models, limiting the accuracy of probe orientation and tissue coupling. Furthermore, real-time ultrasound image feedback is rarely used for path optimization, despite its importance in enhancing image quality and diagnostic reliability. This review emphasizes the need for future systems to integrate multi-modal sensing, adaptive control, and real-time image quality assessment to achieve robust, generalizable robotic ultrasound workflows.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11016698/Computer-aided systemsechocardiographydeep learningmedical roboticsneural networksrobotic system and software
spellingShingle Khushboo Munir
Abdullah F. Al-Battal
Ammar Alsheghri
Harald Becher
Michelle Noga
Kumaradevan Punithakumar
A Survey of Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Scanning Systems
IEEE Access
Computer-aided systems
echocardiography
deep learning
medical robotics
neural networks
robotic system and software
title A Survey of Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Scanning Systems
title_full A Survey of Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Scanning Systems
title_fullStr A Survey of Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Scanning Systems
title_full_unstemmed A Survey of Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Scanning Systems
title_short A Survey of Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Scanning Systems
title_sort survey of autonomous robotic ultrasound scanning systems
topic Computer-aided systems
echocardiography
deep learning
medical robotics
neural networks
robotic system and software
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11016698/
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