A Genome-wide study on the genetic and causal effects of smoking in neurodegeneration
Abstract Background Smoking represents the largest preventable risk factor for human health, yet previous studies have failed to establish conclusive evidence regarding the causal relationship between smoking and neurodegenerative diseases. This study employs genetic correlation and Mendelian random...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06688-9 |
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