Outer membrane vesicles of Glaesserlla parasuis activate the endosomal cGAS–STING–IRF3 pathway through nucleic acid payload delivery: a biological perspective on host defense protocol optimization

Outer membrane vesicles of Glaesserlla parasuis activate the endosomal cGAS–STING–IRF3 pathway through nucleic acid payload delivery: a biological perspective on host defense protocol optimization

Abstract Glaesserlla parasuis (G. parasuis), a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for Glässer's disease, employs outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as sophisticated nanoscale effectors to modulate host‒pathogen interplay. While bacterial OMVs are recognized as critical mediators of virulence dissem...

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Main Authors: Kunli Zhang, Zeyi Sun, Xintong Kang, Keda Shi, Pinpin Chu, Dongxia Yang, Zhibiao Bian, Yan Li, Hongchao Gou, Zhiyong Jiang, Nanling Yang, Xia Zhou, Sutian Wang, Zhanyong Wei, Shaolun Zhai, Huahua Kang, Chunling Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Glaesserlla parasuis
outer membrane vesicles
type I interferons
cGAS–STING
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01553-5
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