Outer membrane vesicles of Glaesserlla parasuis activate the endosomal cGAS–STING–IRF3 pathway through nucleic acid payload delivery: a biological perspective on host defense protocol optimization
Abstract Glaesserlla parasuis (G. parasuis), a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for Glässer's disease, employs outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as sophisticated nanoscale effectors to modulate host‒pathogen interplay. While bacterial OMVs are recognized as critical mediators of virulence dissem...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01553-5 |
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