Harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactions

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation and progressive bone destruction. Current conventional treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, of...

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Main Authors: Ying-Feng Gao, Na Zhao, Cheng-Hu Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04495-z
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author Ying-Feng Gao
Na Zhao
Cheng-Hu Hu
author_facet Ying-Feng Gao
Na Zhao
Cheng-Hu Hu
author_sort Ying-Feng Gao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation and progressive bone destruction. Current conventional treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, often fail to achieve sustained remission in many patients. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for RA due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. However, challenges such as poor migration and homing, low survival rate, heterogeneity, and impaired potency under pathological microenvironment need to be resolved to promote the use of MSCs in the clinic in the future. This review comprehensively examines the role of MSCs and their interaction with the microenvironment in the treatment of RA. We analyze completed and ongoing clinical trials involving MSC-based therapies for RA, summarize strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs on RA, and propose standardized parameters to optimize clinical applications. By addressing these critical aspects, this review aims to advance the development of MSC-based therapies for RA.
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spelling doaj-art-c0c56a40cd46495bb748318b2dd80d032025-08-20T03:04:22ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122025-07-0116112610.1186/s13287-025-04495-zHarnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactionsYing-Feng Gao0Na Zhao1Cheng-Hu Hu2Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityAbstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation and progressive bone destruction. Current conventional treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, often fail to achieve sustained remission in many patients. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for RA due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. However, challenges such as poor migration and homing, low survival rate, heterogeneity, and impaired potency under pathological microenvironment need to be resolved to promote the use of MSCs in the clinic in the future. This review comprehensively examines the role of MSCs and their interaction with the microenvironment in the treatment of RA. We analyze completed and ongoing clinical trials involving MSC-based therapies for RA, summarize strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs on RA, and propose standardized parameters to optimize clinical applications. By addressing these critical aspects, this review aims to advance the development of MSC-based therapies for RA.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04495-zMesenchymal stem/Stromal cellsMicroenvironmentRheumatoid arthritisClinical applicationBioengineeringPre-activation
spellingShingle Ying-Feng Gao
Na Zhao
Cheng-Hu Hu
Harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactions
Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Mesenchymal stem/Stromal cells
Microenvironment
Rheumatoid arthritis
Clinical application
Bioengineering
Pre-activation
title Harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactions
title_full Harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactions
title_fullStr Harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactions
title_full_unstemmed Harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactions
title_short Harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactions
title_sort harnessing mesenchymal stem stromal cells based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis mechanisms clinical applications and microenvironmental interactions
topic Mesenchymal stem/Stromal cells
Microenvironment
Rheumatoid arthritis
Clinical application
Bioengineering
Pre-activation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04495-z
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