Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and challenging type of cancer, characterized by the absence of specific receptors targeted by current therapies, which limits effective targeted treatment options. TNBC has a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis, resulting in...

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Main Authors: Ziqi Chen, Yumeng Liu, Minchuan Lyu, Chi Ho Chan, Meiheng Sun, Xin Yang, Shuangying Qiao, Zheng Chen, Sifan Yu, Meishen Ren, Aiping Lu, Ge Zhang, Fangfei Li, Yuanyuan Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Cell & Bioscience
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01359-0
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author Ziqi Chen
Yumeng Liu
Minchuan Lyu
Chi Ho Chan
Meiheng Sun
Xin Yang
Shuangying Qiao
Zheng Chen
Sifan Yu
Meishen Ren
Aiping Lu
Ge Zhang
Fangfei Li
Yuanyuan Yu
author_facet Ziqi Chen
Yumeng Liu
Minchuan Lyu
Chi Ho Chan
Meiheng Sun
Xin Yang
Shuangying Qiao
Zheng Chen
Sifan Yu
Meishen Ren
Aiping Lu
Ge Zhang
Fangfei Li
Yuanyuan Yu
author_sort Ziqi Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and challenging type of cancer, characterized by the absence of specific receptors targeted by current therapies, which limits effective targeted treatment options. TNBC has a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis, resulting in lower survival rates. Additionally, TNBC exhibits significant heterogeneity at histopathological, proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic levels, further complicating the development of effective treatments. While some TNBC subtypes may initially respond to chemotherapy, resistance frequently develops, increasing the risk of aggressive recurrence. Therefore, precisely classifying and characterizing the distinct features of TNBC subtypes is crucial for identifying the most suitable molecular-based therapies for individual patients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of these subtypes, highlighting their unique profiles as defined by various classification systems. We also address the limitations of conventional therapeutic approaches and explore innovative biological strategies, all aimed at advancing the development of targeted and effective therapeutic strategies for TNBC.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-3701
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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series Cell & Bioscience
spelling doaj-art-c0637400b1f74a82b68a8a44f05b9cac2025-02-02T12:44:25ZengBMCCell & Bioscience2045-37012025-02-0115111610.1186/s13578-025-01359-0Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approachesZiqi Chen0Yumeng Liu1Minchuan Lyu2Chi Ho Chan3Meiheng Sun4Xin Yang5Shuangying Qiao6Zheng Chen7Sifan Yu8Meishen Ren9Aiping Lu10Ge Zhang11Fangfei Li12Yuanyuan Yu13Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug DiscoveryInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityInstitute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityAbstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and challenging type of cancer, characterized by the absence of specific receptors targeted by current therapies, which limits effective targeted treatment options. TNBC has a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis, resulting in lower survival rates. Additionally, TNBC exhibits significant heterogeneity at histopathological, proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic levels, further complicating the development of effective treatments. While some TNBC subtypes may initially respond to chemotherapy, resistance frequently develops, increasing the risk of aggressive recurrence. Therefore, precisely classifying and characterizing the distinct features of TNBC subtypes is crucial for identifying the most suitable molecular-based therapies for individual patients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of these subtypes, highlighting their unique profiles as defined by various classification systems. We also address the limitations of conventional therapeutic approaches and explore innovative biological strategies, all aimed at advancing the development of targeted and effective therapeutic strategies for TNBC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01359-0Triple-negative breast cancerClassificationSubtypeTumor heterogeneityNeoadjuvant therapy
spellingShingle Ziqi Chen
Yumeng Liu
Minchuan Lyu
Chi Ho Chan
Meiheng Sun
Xin Yang
Shuangying Qiao
Zheng Chen
Sifan Yu
Meishen Ren
Aiping Lu
Ge Zhang
Fangfei Li
Yuanyuan Yu
Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches
Cell & Bioscience
Triple-negative breast cancer
Classification
Subtype
Tumor heterogeneity
Neoadjuvant therapy
title Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches
title_full Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches
title_fullStr Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches
title_full_unstemmed Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches
title_short Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches
title_sort classifications of triple negative breast cancer insights and current therapeutic approaches
topic Triple-negative breast cancer
Classification
Subtype
Tumor heterogeneity
Neoadjuvant therapy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01359-0
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