Exploring barriers to AI course assistant adoption: a mixed-methods study on student non-utilization

Abstract The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing learning experiences, yet many students choose to not engage with AI tools available within their courses. This mixed-methods exploratory study investigates the barriers to the a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: George Hanshaw, Christopher Sullivan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Artificial Intelligence
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00312-x
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849764612371644416
author George Hanshaw
Christopher Sullivan
author_facet George Hanshaw
Christopher Sullivan
author_sort George Hanshaw
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing learning experiences, yet many students choose to not engage with AI tools available within their courses. This mixed-methods exploratory study investigates the barriers to the adoption of Spark, the AI course assistant implemented at Los Angeles Pacific University (LAPU). Analyzing 602 student survey responses collected through End-of-Course (EOC) evaluations, this study investigates the reasons behind this non-utilization, utilizing combined sentiment analysis with thematic analysis. The findings reveal that perceived necessity, lack of familiarity, and minimal awareness of Spark are primary factors contributing to non-use, alongside external issues such as time constraints and preference for traditional study methods. Notably, the absence of negative sentiment suggests that resistance is not rooted in dissatisfaction with the tool itself, but in limited perceived value or awareness. The study highlights the critical role of communication strategies, faculty engagement, and integration of AI tools into coursework to improve adoption. Addressing these barriers through improved communication, faculty-led AI integration, and targeted training initiatives can significantly enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. Without intervention, non-utilization may limit students’ opportunity to build foundational AI literacy—an increasingly important competency in academic and professional environments shaped by AI technologies. These insights offer actionable guidance for educators and institutions seeking to maximize the benefits of AI powered learning tools, and foster AI literacy among students in the evolving technological landscape.
format Article
id doaj-art-bf4e38cacf6d4db4a1078f6cb5082562
institution DOAJ
issn 2731-0809
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Springer
record_format Article
series Discover Artificial Intelligence
spelling doaj-art-bf4e38cacf6d4db4a1078f6cb50825622025-08-20T03:05:06ZengSpringerDiscover Artificial Intelligence2731-08092025-07-015112410.1007/s44163-025-00312-xExploring barriers to AI course assistant adoption: a mixed-methods study on student non-utilizationGeorge Hanshaw0Christopher Sullivan1Digital Learning Solutions, Los Angeles Pacific UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Los Angeles Pacific UniversityAbstract The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing learning experiences, yet many students choose to not engage with AI tools available within their courses. This mixed-methods exploratory study investigates the barriers to the adoption of Spark, the AI course assistant implemented at Los Angeles Pacific University (LAPU). Analyzing 602 student survey responses collected through End-of-Course (EOC) evaluations, this study investigates the reasons behind this non-utilization, utilizing combined sentiment analysis with thematic analysis. The findings reveal that perceived necessity, lack of familiarity, and minimal awareness of Spark are primary factors contributing to non-use, alongside external issues such as time constraints and preference for traditional study methods. Notably, the absence of negative sentiment suggests that resistance is not rooted in dissatisfaction with the tool itself, but in limited perceived value or awareness. The study highlights the critical role of communication strategies, faculty engagement, and integration of AI tools into coursework to improve adoption. Addressing these barriers through improved communication, faculty-led AI integration, and targeted training initiatives can significantly enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. Without intervention, non-utilization may limit students’ opportunity to build foundational AI literacy—an increasingly important competency in academic and professional environments shaped by AI technologies. These insights offer actionable guidance for educators and institutions seeking to maximize the benefits of AI powered learning tools, and foster AI literacy among students in the evolving technological landscape.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00312-xAI course assistantsEducational technologyStudent engagementMixed-methods researchTechnology adoptionLearning enhancement
spellingShingle George Hanshaw
Christopher Sullivan
Exploring barriers to AI course assistant adoption: a mixed-methods study on student non-utilization
Discover Artificial Intelligence
AI course assistants
Educational technology
Student engagement
Mixed-methods research
Technology adoption
Learning enhancement
title Exploring barriers to AI course assistant adoption: a mixed-methods study on student non-utilization
title_full Exploring barriers to AI course assistant adoption: a mixed-methods study on student non-utilization
title_fullStr Exploring barriers to AI course assistant adoption: a mixed-methods study on student non-utilization
title_full_unstemmed Exploring barriers to AI course assistant adoption: a mixed-methods study on student non-utilization
title_short Exploring barriers to AI course assistant adoption: a mixed-methods study on student non-utilization
title_sort exploring barriers to ai course assistant adoption a mixed methods study on student non utilization
topic AI course assistants
Educational technology
Student engagement
Mixed-methods research
Technology adoption
Learning enhancement
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00312-x
work_keys_str_mv AT georgehanshaw exploringbarrierstoaicourseassistantadoptionamixedmethodsstudyonstudentnonutilization
AT christophersullivan exploringbarrierstoaicourseassistantadoptionamixedmethodsstudyonstudentnonutilization