Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic Vasculitides
Ocular manifestations are present in many connective tissue diseases which are characterized by an immune system that is directed against self. In this paper, we review the ocular findings in various connective tissue diseases and systemic vasculitides and highlight gender differences in each diseas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403042 |
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| author | Maria M. Choudhary Rula A. Hajj-Ali Careen Y. Lowder |
| author_facet | Maria M. Choudhary Rula A. Hajj-Ali Careen Y. Lowder |
| author_sort | Maria M. Choudhary |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ocular manifestations are present in many connective tissue diseases which are characterized by an immune system that is directed against self. In this paper, we review the ocular findings in various connective tissue diseases and systemic vasculitides and highlight gender differences in each disease. In rheumatoid arthritis, we find that dry eyes affect women nine times more than men. The other extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis affect women three times more commonly than men. Systemic lupus erythematosus can involve all ocular structures and women are nine times more affected than men. Systemic sclerosis is a rare disease but, again, it is more common in women with a female to male ratio of 8 : 1. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis also affect women more commonly than men but no gender differences have been found in the incidence or disease course in the systemic vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis). Finally, Behcet’s disease is more common in males, and male gender is a risk factor for Behcet’s disease. There is a slight female preponderance in sarcoidosis with female gender carrying a worse prognosis in the outcome of ocular disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bf4c6237e1f3484296ab84e16d5ecb9c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-004X 2090-0058 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-bf4c6237e1f3484296ab84e16d5ecb9c2025-02-03T01:23:25ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582014-01-01201410.1155/2014/403042403042Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic VasculitidesMaria M. Choudhary0Rula A. Hajj-Ali1Careen Y. Lowder2Cole Eye Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, I-10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A-50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USACole Eye Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, I-10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USAOcular manifestations are present in many connective tissue diseases which are characterized by an immune system that is directed against self. In this paper, we review the ocular findings in various connective tissue diseases and systemic vasculitides and highlight gender differences in each disease. In rheumatoid arthritis, we find that dry eyes affect women nine times more than men. The other extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis affect women three times more commonly than men. Systemic lupus erythematosus can involve all ocular structures and women are nine times more affected than men. Systemic sclerosis is a rare disease but, again, it is more common in women with a female to male ratio of 8 : 1. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis also affect women more commonly than men but no gender differences have been found in the incidence or disease course in the systemic vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis). Finally, Behcet’s disease is more common in males, and male gender is a risk factor for Behcet’s disease. There is a slight female preponderance in sarcoidosis with female gender carrying a worse prognosis in the outcome of ocular disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403042 |
| spellingShingle | Maria M. Choudhary Rula A. Hajj-Ali Careen Y. Lowder Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic Vasculitides Journal of Ophthalmology |
| title | Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic Vasculitides |
| title_full | Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic Vasculitides |
| title_fullStr | Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic Vasculitides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic Vasculitides |
| title_short | Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic Vasculitides |
| title_sort | gender and ocular manifestations of connective tissue diseases and systemic vasculitides |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403042 |
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