Estimation of micro-extraction process hippuric acid for toluene exposure monitoring in urine samples

Abstract This study employed a quick, efficient, sensitive, and easy-to-use micro-extraction process to monitor biomarker hippuric acid (BIHA) in urine samples as a bioindicator of exposure to toluene with an HPLC-DAD instrument. The independent variables for the micro-extraction process of hippuric...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Behnaz Sarani, Mashaallah Rahmani, Ahmad Reza Abbasian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14975-0
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