Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their use is associated with a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrine disorders. This study aims to investigate the incidence, timing, treatment m...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/1/123 |
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| author | Meriç Dökmetaş Harun Muğlu Erkan Özcan Buket Bayram Kuvvet Kaan Helvacı Ender Kalacı Seda Kahraman Musa Barış Aykan İrfan Çiçin Fatih Selçukbiricik Ömer Fatih Ölmez Ahmet Bilici |
| author_facet | Meriç Dökmetaş Harun Muğlu Erkan Özcan Buket Bayram Kuvvet Kaan Helvacı Ender Kalacı Seda Kahraman Musa Barış Aykan İrfan Çiçin Fatih Selçukbiricik Ömer Fatih Ölmez Ahmet Bilici |
| author_sort | Meriç Dökmetaş |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their use is associated with a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrine disorders. This study aims to investigate the incidence, timing, treatment modalities, and impact of ICI-related endocrine side effects in cancer patients. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This retrospective study analyzed 139 cancer patients treated with ICIs between 2016 and 2022. Data regarding endocrine irAEs, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypophysitis, and diabetes mellitus, were collected. The study examined the timing of irAE onset, management approaches, and the association between irAEs and treatment outcomes. <i>Results</i>: The most common endocrine irAE was hypothyroidism (65.5%), followed by hyperthyroidism (2.3%), hypophysitis (8.6%), and diabetes mellitus (0.7%). These disorders typically emerged within the first six months of ICI therapy. Most cases were managed conservatively or with hormone replacement therapy. Patients who developed endocrine irAEs exhibited a higher objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) compared to those without irAEs. <i>Conclusions</i>: Endocrine dysfunction is a significant toxicity of ICI therapy. Early recognition, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate management are crucial to minimize their impact on patient health and quality of life. This study highlights the potential association between irAEs and improved clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify predictive biomarkers for irAE development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bddbe49f870c4ebbbb6e9a30b49e5ad9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-bddbe49f870c4ebbbb6e9a30b49e5ad92025-01-24T13:40:43ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-01-0161112310.3390/medicina61010123Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive AnalysisMeriç Dökmetaş0Harun Muğlu1Erkan Özcan2Buket Bayram Kuvvet3Kaan Helvacı4Ender Kalacı5Seda Kahraman6Musa Barış Aykan7İrfan Çiçin8Fatih Selçukbiricik9Ömer Fatih Ölmez10Ahmet Bilici11Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Memorial Hospital, Ankara 06520, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06620, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their use is associated with a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrine disorders. This study aims to investigate the incidence, timing, treatment modalities, and impact of ICI-related endocrine side effects in cancer patients. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This retrospective study analyzed 139 cancer patients treated with ICIs between 2016 and 2022. Data regarding endocrine irAEs, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypophysitis, and diabetes mellitus, were collected. The study examined the timing of irAE onset, management approaches, and the association between irAEs and treatment outcomes. <i>Results</i>: The most common endocrine irAE was hypothyroidism (65.5%), followed by hyperthyroidism (2.3%), hypophysitis (8.6%), and diabetes mellitus (0.7%). These disorders typically emerged within the first six months of ICI therapy. Most cases were managed conservatively or with hormone replacement therapy. Patients who developed endocrine irAEs exhibited a higher objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) compared to those without irAEs. <i>Conclusions</i>: Endocrine dysfunction is a significant toxicity of ICI therapy. Early recognition, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate management are crucial to minimize their impact on patient health and quality of life. This study highlights the potential association between irAEs and improved clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify predictive biomarkers for irAE development.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/1/123immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)immune-related adverse events (irAEs)endocrine dysfunctioncancer therapy |
| spellingShingle | Meriç Dökmetaş Harun Muğlu Erkan Özcan Buket Bayram Kuvvet Kaan Helvacı Ender Kalacı Seda Kahraman Musa Barış Aykan İrfan Çiçin Fatih Selçukbiricik Ömer Fatih Ölmez Ahmet Bilici Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis Medicina immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) immune-related adverse events (irAEs) endocrine dysfunction cancer therapy |
| title | Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_full | Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_short | Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_sort | endocrine adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors a comprehensive analysis |
| topic | immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) immune-related adverse events (irAEs) endocrine dysfunction cancer therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/1/123 |
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