Identification and Experimental Study of Sand Gravel Formations Driven by an Earth Pressure Balance Shield Machine Based on GTNet

The earth pressure balance shield machine (EPB) is an important piece of engineering equipment used in tunnel excavation and plays an important role in large underground tunnel projects. This article takes the sand and gravel formation as the research object, while discrete element simulation is uti...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Peng Zhou, Qian Wang, Ziwen Wang, Jiacan Xu, Zi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7983
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