Efficient GHz electro-optical modulation with a nonlocal lithium niobate metasurface in the linear and nonlinear regime

Abstract Electro-optical modulation is essential in optical signal processing and laser technology, yet modulators based on the Pockels effect in flat optics lag behind bulk and integrated platforms in efficiency and speed. We bridge this gap realizing a metasurface based on lithium niobate (LiNbO₃)...

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Main Authors: Agostino Di Francescantonio, Alessandra Sabatti, Helena Weigand, Elise Bailly-Rioufreyt, Maria Antonietta Vincenti, Luca Carletti, Jost Kellner, Attilio Zilli, Marco Finazzi, Michele Celebrano, Rachel Grange
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62072-7
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