Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADES

Habanero pepper (<i>Capsicum chinense</i>) is known for its heat and culinary uses, especially in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. Its leaves, rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, have been traditionally used in medicinal practices a...

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Main Authors: Kevin Alejandro Avilés-Betanzos, Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez, Manuel Octavio Ramírez-Sucre, Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez-Buenfil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:ChemEngineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/8/6/131
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author Kevin Alejandro Avilés-Betanzos
Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez
Manuel Octavio Ramírez-Sucre
Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez-Buenfil
author_facet Kevin Alejandro Avilés-Betanzos
Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez
Manuel Octavio Ramírez-Sucre
Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez-Buenfil
author_sort Kevin Alejandro Avilés-Betanzos
collection DOAJ
description Habanero pepper (<i>Capsicum chinense</i>) is known for its heat and culinary uses, especially in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. Its leaves, rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, have been traditionally used in medicinal practices and are gaining interest for health benefits. Efficient green extraction methods, such as natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), combined with microencapsulation, can improve the stability and application of these compounds in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study aimed to determine the optimal microencapsulation parameters using response surface methodology, implementing a 2<sup>2</sup> central composite design with 4 central points of habanero leaf extracts obtained by sonic probe with NADES. The factors evaluated were the percentage of guar gum (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and the drying temperature (80 °C, 90 °C, and 100 °C). The extracts were spray-dried with maltodextrin (DE17-20), guar gum, and modified starch as encapsulating agents. The total polyphenol content (TPC), polyphenol profile, and antioxidant capacity methods like 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) or ABTS were analyzed. The best results for TPC and ABTS antioxidant capacity were achieved using 7.5% guar gum (GG) at 90 °C. At 104 °C, with the same GG concentration, the microcapsules maintained a high antioxidant capacity. Optimal conditions for TPC, DPPH, and neohesperidin were identified as 7.8% GG/89.4 °C, 8.06% GG/104.1 °C, and 4% GG/75.85 °C, respectively. The resulting powder exhibited high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity, highlighting successful microencapsulation.
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spelling doaj-art-bb17c0341a154802b498137ac04b2e212025-08-20T02:00:35ZengMDPI AGChemEngineering2305-70842024-12-018613110.3390/chemengineering8060131Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADESKevin Alejandro Avilés-Betanzos0Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez1Manuel Octavio Ramírez-Sucre2Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez-Buenfil3Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Mérida 97302, MexicoCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, MexicoCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Mérida 97302, MexicoCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Mérida 97302, MexicoHabanero pepper (<i>Capsicum chinense</i>) is known for its heat and culinary uses, especially in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. Its leaves, rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, have been traditionally used in medicinal practices and are gaining interest for health benefits. Efficient green extraction methods, such as natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), combined with microencapsulation, can improve the stability and application of these compounds in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study aimed to determine the optimal microencapsulation parameters using response surface methodology, implementing a 2<sup>2</sup> central composite design with 4 central points of habanero leaf extracts obtained by sonic probe with NADES. The factors evaluated were the percentage of guar gum (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and the drying temperature (80 °C, 90 °C, and 100 °C). The extracts were spray-dried with maltodextrin (DE17-20), guar gum, and modified starch as encapsulating agents. The total polyphenol content (TPC), polyphenol profile, and antioxidant capacity methods like 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) or ABTS were analyzed. The best results for TPC and ABTS antioxidant capacity were achieved using 7.5% guar gum (GG) at 90 °C. At 104 °C, with the same GG concentration, the microcapsules maintained a high antioxidant capacity. Optimal conditions for TPC, DPPH, and neohesperidin were identified as 7.8% GG/89.4 °C, 8.06% GG/104.1 °C, and 4% GG/75.85 °C, respectively. The resulting powder exhibited high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity, highlighting successful microencapsulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/8/6/131<i>Capsicum chinense</i>NADESspray dryingmicroencapsulationantioxidant capacity
spellingShingle Kevin Alejandro Avilés-Betanzos
Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez
Manuel Octavio Ramírez-Sucre
Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez-Buenfil
Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADES
ChemEngineering
<i>Capsicum chinense</i>
NADES
spray drying
microencapsulation
antioxidant capacity
title Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADES
title_full Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADES
title_fullStr Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADES
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADES
title_short Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a <i>Capsicum chinense</i> Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADES
title_sort optimization of spray drying conditions for a i capsicum chinense i leaf extract rich in polyphenols obtained by ultrasonic probe nades
topic <i>Capsicum chinense</i>
NADES
spray drying
microencapsulation
antioxidant capacity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/8/6/131
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