Dissecting the causal effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, and related DNA methylation markers on electrocardiographic indices

Dissecting the causal effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, and related DNA methylation markers on electrocardiographic indices

Abstract Background Tobacco and alcohol are recognized risk factors for heart disease, yet their causal effects on electrocardiogram (ECG) signaling and mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies may be susceptible to confounding or bias, and this study dissected the genetic architecture linking to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zequn Zheng, Yongfei Song, Xinhan Li, Tao Luo, Xuerui Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Clinical Epigenetics
Subjects:
Alcohol consumption
QT interval
Genetic architecture
DNA methylation
Mendelian randomization
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01851-x
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