Transition to Advanced Heart Failure: From Identification to Improving Prognosis

Transition to Advanced Heart Failure: From Identification to Improving Prognosis

Advanced heart failure (AHF) represents the terminal stage of heart failure (HF), characterized by persistent symptoms and functional limitations despite optimal guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). This review explores the clinical definition, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches for A...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Nikolaos-Iason Tepetes, Christos Kourek, Adamantia Papamichail, Andrew Xanthopoulos, Peggy Kostakou, Ioannis Paraskevaidis, Alexandros Briasoulis
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:	Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Subjects:	advanced heart failure guideline-directed therapy therapeutic strategy palliative care devices cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/3/104
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