Assessment of cigarette butt pollution and its Spatial distribution in Northeastern Iran
Abstract This study investigates the spatial distribution and severity of cigarette butt (CB) pollution in Mashhad, Iran, using the cigarette butt pollution index (CBPI). Sampling was conducted in 25 selected areas, and CB density was calculated for each location. The average CB density across the c...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12433-5 |
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