Toxic work environment: the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees’ innovative work behavior and affective commitment

Drawing on the conservation of resource theory and social exchange theory, this paper investigates the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on healthcare workers’ innovative work behaviors and affective commitment. The hypothesized relationships were tested using time-lagged data and mu...

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Main Authors: Fadi Bou Reslan, Souad Hassanie, Orhan Uludag, Sirine BouKarroum, Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Business & Management
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311975.2025.2498068
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author Fadi Bou Reslan
Souad Hassanie
Orhan Uludag
Sirine BouKarroum
Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf
author_facet Fadi Bou Reslan
Souad Hassanie
Orhan Uludag
Sirine BouKarroum
Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf
author_sort Fadi Bou Reslan
collection DOAJ
description Drawing on the conservation of resource theory and social exchange theory, this paper investigates the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on healthcare workers’ innovative work behaviors and affective commitment. The hypothesized relationships were tested using time-lagged data and multiple sources collected from 257 nurses and 39 supervisors in private hospitals in Germany and analyzed via structural equation modeling. Our findings reveal that toxic leadership has a significant negative impact on nurses’ innovative work behavior (β = −0.47, p < 0.01) and affective commitment (β = −0.39, p < 0.01). Furthermore, workplace bullying has a significant negative effect on employees’ innovative work behavior (β = −0.46, p < 0.01) and affective commitment (β = −0.51, p < 0.01). Moreover, the dyadic results revealed that nurses’ self-ratings are consistent with the evaluations provided by their supervisors. This paper is one of its kind examining how a toxic workplace diminishes employees’ affective commitment and innovative behaviors in response to resource depletion and disruption of the social exchange relationship utilizing a dyadic approach. Several managerial implications were discussed to reduce workplace toxicity such as adopting continuous training on conflict management, providing leadership development programs, and integrating anonymous reporting systems highlighting the tools to evaluate the success of these initiatives.
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spelling doaj-art-b791445d79dd4928bbc88ddb964e7c5f2025-08-20T02:11:00ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Business & Management2331-19752025-12-0112110.1080/23311975.2025.2498068Toxic work environment: the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees’ innovative work behavior and affective commitmentFadi Bou Reslan0Souad Hassanie1Orhan Uludag2Sirine BouKarroum3Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf4Business School, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, LebanonBusiness School, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, LebanonHospitality Management and Tourism School, Central Asian University, Tashkent, UzbekistanFaculty of Education-Deanery, School Counseling, Lebanese University, Furn Al Chebbek, LebanonBusiness School, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, LebanonDrawing on the conservation of resource theory and social exchange theory, this paper investigates the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on healthcare workers’ innovative work behaviors and affective commitment. The hypothesized relationships were tested using time-lagged data and multiple sources collected from 257 nurses and 39 supervisors in private hospitals in Germany and analyzed via structural equation modeling. Our findings reveal that toxic leadership has a significant negative impact on nurses’ innovative work behavior (β = −0.47, p < 0.01) and affective commitment (β = −0.39, p < 0.01). Furthermore, workplace bullying has a significant negative effect on employees’ innovative work behavior (β = −0.46, p < 0.01) and affective commitment (β = −0.51, p < 0.01). Moreover, the dyadic results revealed that nurses’ self-ratings are consistent with the evaluations provided by their supervisors. This paper is one of its kind examining how a toxic workplace diminishes employees’ affective commitment and innovative behaviors in response to resource depletion and disruption of the social exchange relationship utilizing a dyadic approach. Several managerial implications were discussed to reduce workplace toxicity such as adopting continuous training on conflict management, providing leadership development programs, and integrating anonymous reporting systems highlighting the tools to evaluate the success of these initiatives.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311975.2025.2498068Workplace bullyingtoxic leadershipaffective commitmentinnovative work behaviorconservation of resource theoryOrganizational Studies
spellingShingle Fadi Bou Reslan
Souad Hassanie
Orhan Uludag
Sirine BouKarroum
Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf
Toxic work environment: the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees’ innovative work behavior and affective commitment
Cogent Business & Management
Workplace bullying
toxic leadership
affective commitment
innovative work behavior
conservation of resource theory
Organizational Studies
title Toxic work environment: the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees’ innovative work behavior and affective commitment
title_full Toxic work environment: the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees’ innovative work behavior and affective commitment
title_fullStr Toxic work environment: the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees’ innovative work behavior and affective commitment
title_full_unstemmed Toxic work environment: the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees’ innovative work behavior and affective commitment
title_short Toxic work environment: the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees’ innovative work behavior and affective commitment
title_sort toxic work environment the impact of toxic leadership and workplace bullying on employees innovative work behavior and affective commitment
topic Workplace bullying
toxic leadership
affective commitment
innovative work behavior
conservation of resource theory
Organizational Studies
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311975.2025.2498068
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