Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic Applications
This study investigated the potential of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for extracting bioactive compounds from the aerial parts of two mountain tea taxa, <i>Sideritis clandestina</i> ssp. <i>peloponnesiaca</i> (Boiss. & Heldr.) Baden and <i>Sideritis raese...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/68 |
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| author | Lamprini Zissi Virginia D. Dimaki Vassiliki S. Birba Vassiliki C. Galani Vassiliki Magafa Sophia Hatziantoniou Fotini N. Lamari |
| author_facet | Lamprini Zissi Virginia D. Dimaki Vassiliki S. Birba Vassiliki C. Galani Vassiliki Magafa Sophia Hatziantoniou Fotini N. Lamari |
| author_sort | Lamprini Zissi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the potential of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for extracting bioactive compounds from the aerial parts of two mountain tea taxa, <i>Sideritis clandestina</i> ssp. <i>peloponnesiaca</i> (Boiss. & Heldr.) Baden and <i>Sideritis raeseri</i> Boiss. & Heldr. ssp. <i>raeseri</i>. Five NADEs, composed of betaine, glycerol, glucose, urea, citric acid, and sucrose, were evaluated for their extraction efficiency compared to conventional solvents (water and 70% ethanol). The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays) were determined. Results showed that water was not a good extraction solvent. Despite the great solvent-dependent differences, most NADEs, particularly the betaine–glycerol–glucose mixture (BGG4), exhibited comparable or even superior extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity compared to 70% ethanol. The secondary metabolites in the BGG4 and 70% ethanol extracts were determined with HPLC-MS. The BGG4 extracts of both <i>Sideritis</i> taxa had a rich phenolic profile, with the major ingredients being chlorogenic acid, verbascoside, and non-, mono- and di-acetylated allosyl hypolaetin glycosides. Although distinct quantitative differences in their composition compared to the respective 70% ethanol extracts, and between them were noted, overall, the content of secondary metabolites in both <i>S. raeseri</i> extracts was lower than that of the <i>S. clandestina</i> extracts. These findings suggest that NADEs, particularly BGG4, are promising green solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> taxa, paving the way for potential applications in the development of natural and sustainable cosmetic products. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b7737517a38f4d2f8ce8d51eaebbdaed |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-b7737517a38f4d2f8ce8d51eaebbdaed2025-01-24T13:19:22ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011416810.3390/antiox14010068Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic ApplicationsLamprini Zissi0Virginia D. Dimaki1Vassiliki S. Birba2Vassiliki C. Galani3Vassiliki Magafa4Sophia Hatziantoniou5Fotini N. Lamari6Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceThis study investigated the potential of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for extracting bioactive compounds from the aerial parts of two mountain tea taxa, <i>Sideritis clandestina</i> ssp. <i>peloponnesiaca</i> (Boiss. & Heldr.) Baden and <i>Sideritis raeseri</i> Boiss. & Heldr. ssp. <i>raeseri</i>. Five NADEs, composed of betaine, glycerol, glucose, urea, citric acid, and sucrose, were evaluated for their extraction efficiency compared to conventional solvents (water and 70% ethanol). The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays) were determined. Results showed that water was not a good extraction solvent. Despite the great solvent-dependent differences, most NADEs, particularly the betaine–glycerol–glucose mixture (BGG4), exhibited comparable or even superior extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity compared to 70% ethanol. The secondary metabolites in the BGG4 and 70% ethanol extracts were determined with HPLC-MS. The BGG4 extracts of both <i>Sideritis</i> taxa had a rich phenolic profile, with the major ingredients being chlorogenic acid, verbascoside, and non-, mono- and di-acetylated allosyl hypolaetin glycosides. Although distinct quantitative differences in their composition compared to the respective 70% ethanol extracts, and between them were noted, overall, the content of secondary metabolites in both <i>S. raeseri</i> extracts was lower than that of the <i>S. clandestina</i> extracts. These findings suggest that NADEs, particularly BGG4, are promising green solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> taxa, paving the way for potential applications in the development of natural and sustainable cosmetic products.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/68<i>Sideritis</i>antioxidantgreen extractiondeep eutectic solventsbetaineironwort |
| spellingShingle | Lamprini Zissi Virginia D. Dimaki Vassiliki S. Birba Vassiliki C. Galani Vassiliki Magafa Sophia Hatziantoniou Fotini N. Lamari Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic Applications Antioxidants <i>Sideritis</i> antioxidant green extraction deep eutectic solvents betaine ironwort |
| title | Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic Applications |
| title_full | Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic Applications |
| title_fullStr | Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic Applications |
| title_short | Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic Applications |
| title_sort | natural deep eutectic solvents as green alternatives for extracting bioactive compounds from i sideritis i taxa with potential cosmetic applications |
| topic | <i>Sideritis</i> antioxidant green extraction deep eutectic solvents betaine ironwort |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/68 |
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