Needle-free intradermal vaccination, an opportunity to improve commercial pig welfare

In-farm livestock production vaccinations are commonly delivered intramuscularly using needles. While there are alternative strategies these have been subject to little attention and limited commercialisation. One such alternative is needle-free vaccines and studies have focused on the immune respon...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Isabel Lewis, Harriet Wishart, Ellie Breeze, Poppy Setter, Jonathan Amory
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2024-01-01
Series:Animal Welfare
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728624000538/type/journal_article
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