Amino Acid Substitutions in Bacteriocin Lactolisterin BU Reveal Functional Domains Involved in Biological Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has driven the development of novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as therapeutic alternatives. Lactolisterin LBU (LBU) is a bacteriocin with promising activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. In this s...

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Main Authors: Lazar Gardijan, Milka Malešević, Miroslav Dinić, Aleksandar Pavić, Nikola Plačkić, Goran Jovanović, Milan Kojić
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3134
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author Lazar Gardijan
Milka Malešević
Miroslav Dinić
Aleksandar Pavić
Nikola Plačkić
Goran Jovanović
Milan Kojić
author_facet Lazar Gardijan
Milka Malešević
Miroslav Dinić
Aleksandar Pavić
Nikola Plačkić
Goran Jovanović
Milan Kojić
author_sort Lazar Gardijan
collection DOAJ
description The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has driven the development of novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as therapeutic alternatives. Lactolisterin LBU (LBU) is a bacteriocin with promising activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. In this study, we designed and evaluated a panel of amino acid variants of LBU to investigate domain–activity relationships and improve activity. Peptides were commercially synthesized, and their effect was evaluated for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, in vivo toxicity, and virulence modulation. AlphaFold3 structural prediction of LBU revealed a four-helix topology with amphipathic and hydrophobic segments. Helical wheel projections identified helices I and IV as amphipathic, suggesting their potential involvement in membrane interaction and activity. Glycine-to-alanine substitutions at helix I markedly increased antimicrobial activity but altered toxicity profiles. In contrast, changes at helix junctions and kinks reduced antimicrobial activity. We also showed differential regulation of virulence genes upon sub-MIC treatment. Overall, rational substitution enabled identification of residues critical for activity and toxicity, providing insights into therapeutic tuning of lactolisterin-based peptides.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1420-3049
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-b3fab3697a3f460b87387d595f4a47252025-08-20T04:00:53ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-07-013015313410.3390/molecules30153134Amino Acid Substitutions in Bacteriocin Lactolisterin BU Reveal Functional Domains Involved in Biological Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Lazar Gardijan0Milka Malešević1Miroslav Dinić2Aleksandar Pavić3Nikola Plačkić4Goran Jovanović5Milan Kojić6Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaThe emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has driven the development of novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as therapeutic alternatives. Lactolisterin LBU (LBU) is a bacteriocin with promising activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. In this study, we designed and evaluated a panel of amino acid variants of LBU to investigate domain–activity relationships and improve activity. Peptides were commercially synthesized, and their effect was evaluated for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, in vivo toxicity, and virulence modulation. AlphaFold3 structural prediction of LBU revealed a four-helix topology with amphipathic and hydrophobic segments. Helical wheel projections identified helices I and IV as amphipathic, suggesting their potential involvement in membrane interaction and activity. Glycine-to-alanine substitutions at helix I markedly increased antimicrobial activity but altered toxicity profiles. In contrast, changes at helix junctions and kinks reduced antimicrobial activity. We also showed differential regulation of virulence genes upon sub-MIC treatment. Overall, rational substitution enabled identification of residues critical for activity and toxicity, providing insights into therapeutic tuning of lactolisterin-based peptides.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3134lactolisterin LBUantimicrobial peptidebacteriocinamino acid substitution<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>AlphaFold
spellingShingle Lazar Gardijan
Milka Malešević
Miroslav Dinić
Aleksandar Pavić
Nikola Plačkić
Goran Jovanović
Milan Kojić
Amino Acid Substitutions in Bacteriocin Lactolisterin BU Reveal Functional Domains Involved in Biological Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Molecules
lactolisterin LBU
antimicrobial peptide
bacteriocin
amino acid substitution
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
AlphaFold
title Amino Acid Substitutions in Bacteriocin Lactolisterin BU Reveal Functional Domains Involved in Biological Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full Amino Acid Substitutions in Bacteriocin Lactolisterin BU Reveal Functional Domains Involved in Biological Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_fullStr Amino Acid Substitutions in Bacteriocin Lactolisterin BU Reveal Functional Domains Involved in Biological Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full_unstemmed Amino Acid Substitutions in Bacteriocin Lactolisterin BU Reveal Functional Domains Involved in Biological Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_short Amino Acid Substitutions in Bacteriocin Lactolisterin BU Reveal Functional Domains Involved in Biological Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_sort amino acid substitutions in bacteriocin lactolisterin bu reveal functional domains involved in biological activity against i staphylococcus aureus i
topic lactolisterin LBU
antimicrobial peptide
bacteriocin
amino acid substitution
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
AlphaFold
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3134
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